Coupled Ethical–Epistemic Analysis of Public Health Research and Practice: Categorizing Variables to Improve Population Health and Equity

Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Valles, Sean A.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2014.302279

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…We understand that person is a regular blood donor and therefore is a fine member of the community.” It has been argued that the rights of the blood recipient should supersede any putative “right” to donate blood . However, if blood donation brings high moral status, it is perhaps an obvious corollary that exclusion (or even extended deferral) cannot be devoid of negative social impacts . As noted in the UK report on donor selection criteria, the complex moral associations with blood donation mean that the donor benefits from donation as well as the recipient, and thus if a population group is excluded from this activity it must be justified .…”

Section: Do Blood Banking Authorities Have Any Responsibility To Accomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the moral requirement to protect the health of recipients is a sufficient justification, it becomes contestable if the exclusion or deferment of a particular population group is disproportionate to the risk posed for donors . Importantly, blood donation policy should not cause social harms or reinforce stigma by excluding populations groups except where such exclusion is required to protect health …”

Section: Do Blood Banking Authorities Have Any Responsibility To Accomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 However, if blood donation brings high moral status, it is perhaps an obvious corollary that exclusion (or even extended deferral) cannot be devoid of negative social impacts. 28 As noted in the UK report on donor selection criteria, the complex moral associations with blood donation mean that the donor benefits from donation as well as the recipient, and thus if a population group is excluded from this activity it must be justified. 4 While the moral requirement to protect the health of recipients is a sufficient justification, it becomes contestable if the exclusion or deferment of a particular population group is disproportionate to the risk posed for donors.…”

Section: Do Blood Banking Authorities Have Any Responsibility To Accomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Importantly, blood donation policy should not cause social harms or reinforce stigma by excluding populations groups except where such exclusion is required to protect health. 4,28 Of the behaviors that signal temporary or permanent deferral from blood donation, male-to-male sex may be perceived as standing apart in several respects. More than a behavior, it is a social practice that is for many embedded in a political, social, and sexual identity-being gay (notwithstanding that some men have sex with men but identify as heterosexual).…”

Section: Do Blood Banking Authorities Have Any Responsibility To Accomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood donor deferral for men who have sex with men: still room to move

2017

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Section: Do Blood Banking Authorities Have Any Responsibility To Accomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Do Blood Banking Authorities Have Any Responsibility To Accomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Do Blood Banking Authorities Have Any Responsibility To Accomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Do Blood Banking Authorities Have Any Responsibility To Accomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Blood donor deferral for men who have sex with men: still room to move

2017

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“…The use of smaller areas in terms of population size will mitigate the effects of heterogeneous areas. A further disadvantage is that areas of extreme deprivation may become stigmatized and therefore the individuals within these areas may experience disadvantage as a consequence of using deprivation measures 57 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Area deprivation measures used in Brazil

Ichihara¹,

Ramos²,

Rebouças³

et al. 2018

Rev. saúde pública

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OBJECTIVETo describe and assess currently used area-based measures of deprivation in Brazil for health research, to the purpose of informing the development of a future small area deprivation index.METHODSWe searched five electronic databases and seven websites of Brazilian research institutions and governmental agencies. Inclusion criteria were: studies proposing measures of deprivation for small areas (i.e., finer geography than country-level) in Brazil, published in English, Portuguese or Spanish. After data-extraction, results were tabulated according to the area level the deprivation measure was created for and to the dimensions of deprivation or poverty included in the measures. A narrative synthesis approach was used to summarize the measures available, highlighting their utility for public health research.RESULTSA total of 7,199 records were retrieved, 126 full-text articles were assessed after inclusion criteria and a final list of 30 articles was selected. No small-area deprivation measures that have been applied to the whole of Brazil were found. Existing measures were mainly used to study infectious and parasitic diseases. Few studies used the measures to assess inequalities in mortality and no studies used the deprivation measure to evaluate the impact of social programs.CONCLUSIONSNo up-to-date small area-based deprivation measure in Brazil covers the whole country. There is a need to develop such an index for Brazil to measure and monitor inequalities in health and mortality, particularly to assess progress in Brazil against the Sustainable Development Goal targets for different health outcomes, showing progress by socioeconomic groups.

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The challenges of choosing and explaining a phenomenon in epidemiological research on the “Hispanic Paradox”

Valles

2016

Theor Med Bioeth

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According to public health data, the US Hispanic population is far healthier than would be expected for a population with low socioeconomic status. Ever since Kyriakos Markides and Jeannine Coreil highlighted this in a seminal 1986 article, public health researchers have sought to explain the so-called "Hispanic paradox." Several candidate explanations have been offered over the years, but the debate goes on. This article offers a philosophical analysis that clarifies how two sets of obstacles make it particularly difficult to explain the Hispanic paradox. First, different research projects define the Hispanic paradox phenomenon in substantially different ways. Moreover, using Bas van Fraassen's pragmatic theory of explanation and Sean Valles's extension of it with the concept of "phenomenon choice," it also becomes clear that there are also multiple ways of explaining each individual definition of the phenomenon. A second set of philosophical and methodological challenges arises during any attempt to study "Hispanic" phenomena, with one key challenge being that the "Hispanic" panethnic concept was intentionally made vague as it was developed and popularized during the 1960s-1970s. After comparing this case with similar cases in the philosophical literature, the article concludes with observations on what makes this problem unique, particularly its ethical features.

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Coupled Ethical–Epistemic Analysis of Public Health Research and Practice: Categorizing Variables to Improve Population Health and Equity

Abstract: ). Reprints can be ordered at http://www.ajph.org by clicking the "Reprints" link.

Cited by 35 publications

References 38 publications

Blood donor deferral for men who have sex with men: still room to move

Blood donor deferral for men who have sex with men: still room to move

Area deprivation measures used in Brazil

The challenges of choosing and explaining a phenomenon in epidemiological research on the “Hispanic Paradox”

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