“…Eigenvalue problems occur naturally in many areas of science and engineering. Just to name a few applications, let us mention fluid dynamics [43,15], structural mechanics [5,46], electromagnetism [10], nuclear reactor physics [11,26,16], photonics [17,27,18], optics [32,12] for optimal control and optimal design, population dynamics [22], in acoustic problem [14] and solid-state physics [34] for calculating band structure. In nuclear physics, the eigenvalue problem represents the energetic diffusion of the neutron, where the first eigenvalue represents the criticality of the reactor and the corresponding eigenvalue represents neutron flux.…”