Coupled Modes of North Atlantic Ocean‐Atmosphere Variability and the Onset of the Little Ice Age

Anchukaitis, Kevin J.; Cook, Edward R.; Cook, Benjamin I.; Pearl, Jessie K.; D’Arrigo, Rosanne; Wilson, Rob

doi:10.1029/2019gl084350

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, the patterns in Fig. 3 are consistent with documented summer hydroclimate footprints over the observational interval 19,20 , suggesting that the leading pattern expressed in the OWDA may be interpreted as the leading spring/summer precipitation pattern back to 1300.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

A quantitative hydroclimatic context for the European Great Famine of 1315–1317

Baek

Smerdon

Dobrin

et al. 2020

Commun Earth Environ

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The European Great Famine of 1315–1317 triggered one of the worst population collapses in European history and ranks as the single worst European famine in mortality as a proportion of population. Historical records point to torrential rainfall, land saturation, crop failure, and prolonged flooding as important causes of the famine. Here we use the tree-ring based Old World Drought Atlas (OWDA) to show that the average of each growing season preceding the Great Famine years (1314–1316) was the fifth wettest over Europe from 1300 to 2012 C.E. The spatial and temporal characteristics of our OWDA-estimated anomalies are in excellent agreement with available historical accounts. We also characterize a mode of European hydroclimate variability that is associated with the Great Famine, which we term the “Great Famine mode.” This mode emerges as the leading mode of European hydroclimate variability from 1300–2012 and is strongly associated with extreme wet and dry events in Europe over the last millennium.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

A quantitative hydroclimatic context for the European Great Famine of 1315–1317

Baek

Smerdon

Dobrin

et al. 2020

Commun Earth Environ

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“…Cold summer temperature anomalies did coincide with Grand Solar Minima in the 14th, 16th, and 17th centuries (Anchukaitis et al 2017). Even during centuryscale events, however, internal climate system variability (which arises naturally without changes in planetary energy balance from the complex interaction of oceans and atmosphere) and earth system feedbacks were very important contributors to the temporal evolution of cooling; the spatial patterns of temperature anomalies; and interannual-to-multidecadal climate variability at the local and regional scale (Goosse et al 2005, Jungclaus et al 2010, Fernández-Donado et al 2013, Lehner et al 2013, Schleussner and Feulner 2013, Helama et al 2017b, Anchukaitis et al 2019.…”

Section: Climatic Changes and Causes In Homo Sapien Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of climate and society: a review of the influence of climate change on the human past

Degroot

Anchukaitis²,

Tierney³

et al. 2022

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Recent decades have seen the rapid expansion of scholarship that identifies societal responses to past climatic fluctuations. This fast-changing scholarship, which was recently synthesized as the History of Climate and Society (HCS), is today undertaken primary by archaeologists, economists, geneticists, geographers, and paleoclimatologists. This review is the first to consider how all scholars in all of these disciplines approach HCS studies. It begins by explaining how climatic changes and anomalies are reconstructed by paleoclimatologists and historical climatologists. It then provides a broad overview of major changes and anomalies over the 300,000-year history of Homo sapiens, explaining both the causes and environmental consequences of these fluctuations. Next, it introduces the sources, methods, and models employed by scholars in major HCS disciplines. It continues by describing the debates, themes, and findings of HCS scholarship in its major disciplines, and then outlines the potential of transdisciplinary, “consilient” approaches to the field. It concludes by explaining how HCS scholars increasingly attempt to identify relationships between past climatic and human histories that can inform policy development and activism around anthropogenic global warming.

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“…On multi-decadal to centennial timescales, changes in the VGHV record do not consistently correspond to major temperature anomalies observed during the summer months. The differences in seasonal climate responses to external forcings imply that the regional manifestation of these events depends on the initial state of the atmosphere and ocean but is also modulated by internal climate variability (Yoshimori et al, 2005;Zanchettin et al, 2012;Otto-Bliesner et al, 2016;Anchukaitis et al, 2019). For instance, a negative NAO phase coupled with a solar minimum and/or major volcanic eruptions could result in amplified cooling (e.g.…”

Section: Seasonal Multi-decadal To Centennial Climate Variability In the North Atlanticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, a negative NAO phase coupled with a solar minimum and/or major volcanic eruptions could result in amplified cooling (e.g. Zanchettin et al, 2012;Moffa-Sánchez et al, 2014;Helama et al, 2017;Anchukaitis et al, 2019).…”

Section: Seasonal Multi-decadal To Centennial Climate Variability In the North Atlanticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a return to a positive NAO phase after a major tropical eruption (Yoshimori et al, 2005;Zanchettin et al, 2012;Ortega et al, 2015;Smith et al, 2016;Sjolte et al, 2018). Discrepancies in regional temperature responses to radiative forcings suggest that unforced variability, namely the NAO, significantly modulates the climate system response on multi-decadal timescales (Yoshimori et al, 2005;Zanchettin et al, 2012;Anchukaitis et al, 2019).…”

Section: Seasonal Multi-decadal To Centennial Climate Variability In the North Atlanticmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold season warming in the North Atlantic during the last 2000 years: Evidence from Southwest Iceland

Richter

Russell

Garfinkel

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Temperature reconstructions from the Northern Hemisphere (NH) generally indicate cooling over the Holocene which is often attributed to decreasing summer insolation. However, climate model simulations predict that rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the collapse of the Laurentian ice sheet caused mean annual warming during this epoch. This contrast could reflect a bias in temperature proxies, and particularly a lack of proxies that record cold (late fall–early spring) season temperatures, or inaccuracies in climate model predictions of NH temperature. We reconstructed winter–spring temperatures during the Common Era (i.e. the last 2000 years) using alkenones, lipids produced by Isochrysidales haptophyte algae that bloom during spring ice-off, preserved in sediments from Vestra Gíslholtsvatn (VGHV), southwest Iceland. Our record indicates cold-season temperatures warmed during the last 2000 years, in contrast to NH averages. Sensitivity tests with a lake energy balance model show that this warming is likely driven by increasing winter–spring insolation. We also found distinct seasonal differences in centennial-scale, cold-season temperature variations in VGHV compared to existing records of summer and annual temperatures from Iceland. Sustained or abrupt cooling in VGHV temperatures are associated with the cumulative effects of solar minima and volcanic eruptions, and potentially ocean and sea-ice feedbacks associated with cooling in the broader Arctic. However, multi-decadal to centennial-scale changes in cold season temperatures were strongly modulated by internal climate variability, i.e. the North Atlantic Oscillation, which can result in winter warming in Iceland even after a major negative radiative perturbation.

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Coupled Modes of North Atlantic Ocean‐Atmosphere Variability and the Onset of the Little Ice Age

Cited by 19 publications

References 89 publications

A quantitative hydroclimatic context for the European Great Famine of 1315–1317

A quantitative hydroclimatic context for the European Great Famine of 1315–1317

The history of climate and society: a review of the influence of climate change on the human past

Cold season warming in the North Atlantic during the last 2000 years: Evidence from Southwest Iceland

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