Coupled Mooring Analysis and Large Scale Model Tests on a Deepwater Calm Buoy in Mild Wave Conditions

Abstract

This paper describes a series of model tests aimed at gaining insight in the tension variations in the export risers and mooring lines of a CALM buoy. The test result were therefore not only analysed carefully, but were also used as input and to validate a numerical tool that computes the coupled motions of the buoy and its mooring system. The tests were carried out at a model scale of 1 to 20. Captive tests in regular and irregular waves were carried out to investigate non-linearities in the wave forces on the buoy for example from the presence of the skirt. Decay tests were carried out to determine the damping of the buoy’s motions and to obtain the natural periods. Finally, tests in irregular waves were carried out. The dynamics of the mooring system and the resulting damping have a significant effect on the buoy’s motions. A numerical tool has been developed that combines the wave-frequency buoy motions with the dynamical behaviour of the mooring system. The motions of the buoy are computed with a linearised equation of motion. The non-linear motions of the mooring system are computed simultaneously and interact with the buoy’s motions. In this paper, a comparison is shown between the measurements and the simulations. Firstly, the wave forces obtained with a linear diffraction computation with a simplified skirt are compared with the measured wave forces. Secondly, the numerical modelling of the mooring system is checked by comparing line tensions when the buoy moves with the motion as measured in an irregular wave test. Thirdly, the decay tests are simulated to investigate the correctness of the applied viscous damping values. Finally, simulations of a test in irregular waves are shown to validate the entire integrated concept. The results show that: 1. The wave-exciting surge and heave forces can be predicted well with linear diffraction theory. However, differences between the measured and computed pitch moment are found, caused by a simplified modelling of the skirt and the shortcomings of the diffraction model. 2. To predict the tension variations in the mooring lines and risers (and estimate fatigue) it is essential that mooring line dynamics are taken into account. 3. The heave motions of the buoy are predicted well. 4. The surge motions of the buoy are predicted reasonably well. 5. The pitch motions are wrongly predicted.

Numerical model validation for mooring systems: Method and application for wave energy converters

“…CFD could be the solution for the lack of viscous damping and the absence of rotational accelerations in the fluid. Bunnik et al [25] suggested using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in the future to predict viscous forces. Palm et al [26] and Yu and Li [27] started investigating CFD for wave energy devices.…”

Coupled Mooring Analysis for a Deep Water CALM Buoy

“…tonnes/m 3 A = added mass matrix tonnes, tonnes.m 2 a n = normal added mass tonnes a t = tangential added mass tonnes b (1) = linear damping coefficient kNs/m, kNms/rad b (2) = quadratic damping coefficient kNs 2 /m 2 , kNms 2 /rad 2 B = potential damping matrix kNs/m, kNms/rad C = hydrostatic spring matrix kN/m, kNm/rad C Dn = normal drag coefficient -…”

“…Based on the specified full length mooring system and export risers, a truncated mooring system was designed for use in the model tests. The design of the truncated mooring system has already been discussed in Reference [2]. It was designed such, that the load-displacement characteristics of the full length mooring system were represented as accurately as possible by the truncated mooring system.…”

“…The buoy is moored to the sea bed using a semi-taut mooring system with mooring legs consisting of a top chain, a steel wire section and a bottom chain. The same CALM buoy was also considered in Reference [2].…”

“…The coupling between the floater motions and the dynamic mooring line loads is taken into account in the simulation model. The simulation model for the moored CALM buoy is the same as the model used in Reference [2], except that some improvements were made in the simulation input for the mooring system. The mooring system was specified in more detail, which resulted in a better correspondence between the model test and simulation results.…”