Coupled Physical and Numerical Simulation to Optimize Thermo-mechanical Metal Forming Processes

Sommitsch, Christof; Buchmayr, Bruno

doi:10.1002/srin.200706279

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In principle, there are two approaches to describe the microstructural development during TMCP: empirical/analytical models and models based on fundamental metal physics . The simple empirical models describe the phenomenological material behavior, do not consider the underlying mechanisms and the material parameters are easier to determine. The models were mainly used for flat products, however there is also a model for H‐shaped profiles including microstructural prediction …”

Section: Physical and Numerical Simulation Of Tmcpmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermomechanical Treatment of Steels - A Real Disruptive Technology Since Decades

Buchmayr

2017

steel research int.

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The basic concept of thermomechanical treatment (TMT) or thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) is responsible for the development of many advanced steel grades with improved mechanical properties during the last 50 years. A retroperspective view, an explanation of the most important influencing factors and a presentation of the enormous benefits for the costumer are given in this review. A sound knowledge on the synergism of recrystallization, precipitation, and transformation phenomena forms the basis to produce fine, homogeneous microstructures with improved properties. Starting from structural steels, improvements can be achieved with respect to higher strength and toughness values combined with better weldability and formability, mainly based on reduction of carbon content and finer grain sizes. The benefits in the application areas are described in detail. TMCP is not only used for flat products, but also for long products and forgings of different steel grades. Physical simulation and modeling contribute significantly to these developments, which also form the basis for computer-aided control or real-time online-models. In the next years, a complete shift to cyber physical systems (CPS) is predicted, which needs an aligned education effort. REVIEW A Brief Historical ReviewSince the mid-sixties, steel mills began to produce fine grained structural steels by lowering the final rolling temperature. Based on fundamental research in Germany, USA, UK, Germany, and Japan, the fundamental understanding was further developed in metallurgical laboratories. Pioneers at that time were Haneke, [10] Schmidtmann, [11,12] Meyer, [13,14] Kaspar, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Streißelberger, [9,15,[25][26][27] DeArdo, [28,29] Jonas, [30][31][32][33] Sellars, [34][35][36][37] Hodgson, [38][39][40][41][42] Tamura und Tanaka, [43] Saito, [44] Ouchi, [45] Militzer, [46,47] and many others. The basic idea was to improve the strength and toughness behavior of structural steels by grain refining. Compared to conventional hot rolling at high rolling temperatures, the new steels were rolled at lower final rolling temperature. It was found that repeated recrystallization of the austenite structures leads to a decrease of grain size, but there is a limit, which is difficult to overcome. Deformation at temperatures, where no recrystallization takes place was successful in the conditioning of austenite having a dense population of glide planes, high dislocation density, and a high intrinsic energy, which provided a high density of nucleation sites for the transformation products of austenite.At the beginning, mainly ferrite plus pearlite microstructures were considered and later the role of rapid cooling became an additional opportunity to increase the strength level.Higher cooling rates or higher undercooling increase the driving force and with a lower diffusivity a finer microstructure like bainite and martensite can be reached.A comparison of the contributions of the strengthening mechanism in a commercial hot rolle...

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Section: Physical and Numerical Simulation Of Tmcpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Automotive sheet metals are also TM‐rolled to obtain fine microstructures before cold rolling and annealing, but they will be treated in another paper of this issue. It should also be mentioned, that TMCP is also applied for Ti‐alloys and Al‐alloys as well as Nickel base alloys …”

Section: Successful Tmcp Applications For Flat Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermomechanical Treatment of Steels - A Real Disruptive Technology Since Decades

Buchmayr

2017

steel research int.

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Aktuelle Entwicklungstrends und zukünftige Herausforderungen im Bereich der Umformtechnik

Buchmayr

2015

Berg Huettenmaenn Monatsh

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Coupled Physical and Numerical Simulation to Optimize Thermo-mechanical Metal Forming Processes

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Thermomechanical Treatment of Steels - A Real Disruptive Technology Since Decades

Thermomechanical Treatment of Steels - A Real Disruptive Technology Since Decades

Aktuelle Entwicklungstrends und zukünftige Herausforderungen im Bereich der Umformtechnik

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