Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-phase field modeling for fire-induced spalling in concrete

Cheng, Panpan; Zhu, Hehua; Zhang, Yiming; Jiao, Yang; Fish, Jacob

doi:10.1016/j.cma.2021.114327

Cited by 29 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The details of the applied models are provided in the next sections. [34] thermal analysis/thermal property prediction model based on the experiments, hydration kinetics, and composite material equivalence theory Mirković U. et al [35] thermal analysis/FEM/Lusas Academic software (Available online: https://www.lusas.com (accessed on 1 March 2022))/validation Zhang J. et al [12] fully coupled hygro-thermo-mechanical model/FEM/validation Sumarno A. et al [36] thermal analysis/2D model Zhang S. et al [37] thermal fields/numerical simulation/ABAQUS 2021/validation Yu H. et al [38] thermal fields/numerical simulation/validation 2023 Mansour D. et al [13] thermal analysis/3D-finite difference model/MS Excel Van Tran M. et al [39] thermal analysis/numerical simulation/Ansys Fluent software/validation Cai Y. et al [40] thermal field/3D-FEM simulation/ABAQUS/validation Lajimi N. et al [41] hygro-thermal analysis/numerical simulation/DIGITAL Visual FORTRAN 95 Ebid A. M. et al [14] State of the art on heat and mass transfer in self-compacting concrete and geopolymer concrete Wasik M. et al [42] the prototype of the experimental stand for heat and moisture transfer investigation in building materials Zhu J. et al [43] temperature field analysis/mesoscale simulation Prskalo S. et al [44] multi-field model/finite element code PANDAS Yin H. et al [45] multi-field model/3D flow lattice model (FLM) Rossat D. et al [46] thermo-hydro-mechanical model/FE simulation/validation Lyu C. et al [47] thermo-hydro-force coupling model/FE simulation/COMSOL Multiphysics/validation Li X. et al [48] thermal analysis/FEM/Midas FEA software/validation Meghwar S. L. et al [49] moisture diffusion/FE simulation/validation 2022 Yikici A. et al [50] thermal analysis/3D numerical model/finite volume method (FVM)/MATLAB/validation Cheng P. et al [51] coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-phase field/2D numerical simulation/Fortran/The Intel ® oneAPI Math Kernel Library PARDISO Bondareva et al [52] mathematical model of the unsteady coupled heat and mass transfer in concrete containing PCM/validation Mostafavi S.A. et al [53] thermal model/MATLAB Zhang Z. et al [54] moisture transport/2D computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) model Smolana A. et al …”

Section: General Model For Heat and Mass Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Heat and Mass Transfer in Cement-Based Materials during Cement Hydration—A Review

Klemczak,

Smolana,

Jędrzejewska

2024

Energies

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Cement-based materials encompass a broad spectrum of construction materials that utilize cement as the primary binding agent. Among these materials, concrete stands out as the most commonly employed. The cement, which is the principal constituent of these materials, undergoes a hydration reaction with water, playing a crucial role in the formation of the hardened composite. However, the exothermic nature of this reaction leads to significant temperature rise within the concrete elements, particularly during the early stages of hardening and in structures of substantial thickness. This temperature rise underscores the critical importance of predictive modeling in this domain. This paper presents a review of modeling approaches designed to predict temperature and accompanying moisture fields during concrete hardening, examining different levels of modeling accuracy and essential input parameters. While modern commercial finite element method (FEM) software programs are available for simulating thermal and moisture fields in concrete, they are accompanied by inherent limitations that engineers must know. The authors further evaluate effective commercial software tools tailored for predicting these effects, intending to provide construction engineers and stakeholders with guidance on managing temperature and moisture impacts in early-age concrete.

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Section: General Model For Heat and Mass Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Heat and Mass Transfer in Cement-Based Materials during Cement Hydration—A Review

Klemczak,

Smolana,

Jędrzejewska

2024

Energies

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“…Structural simulations are performed using a thermo-hydro-mechanical model coupled with the phase field computed using a FEniCS-based solver [8]. The mathematical model implemented here is inspired from [9][10][11]. It should be noted that-as a first step-the building material is pure concrete, that is, a reinforcing is not considered, yet.…”

Section: Structural Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the structural solver, the thermo‐hydral response and mechanical fields are solved in a staggered manner until convergence with a tolerance of

||\bm {r}|| &lt; \mathrm{tol}_\mathrm{stag} = 10^{-3}

. The final forms of the partial differential equations for thermo–hydro–mechanical fracture response are taken from [11]. The one‐dimensional model set up to simulate a concrete wall of thickness 0.2 m along with the boundary conditions is shown in Figure 3A and 3B.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward coupled fire‐structure simulations for forecasting smoke leakage in case of concrete structures under fire

Palani,

Kandekar,

Breuer

et al. 2023

Proc Appl Math and Mech

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Computational modeling of the fire‐structure interaction demands the coupling between several models typically implemented in independent simulation software describing distinct physical processes. For instance, in the event of a fire breakout or building on fire, the fire not only increases the temperature of the immediate area but also initiates structural damage, leading to the spalling of the concrete along with the propagation of the smoke, heat, and radiation originating from the fire. As a result of the progressive structural damage caused by the fire such as macro cracks or breakthroughs in the wall, smoke and other hazardous gases begin to disperse and spread into previously unaffected zones. Thus, it represents a coupled multi‐physics problem, which is not well addressed in the scientific community, yet. Therefore, the investigation of such fire‐structure interactions requires a comprehensive computational modeling and simulation framework that couples the consequences of various phenomena with minimal invasive solver modifications. In this work, the structural model treats concrete as a multi‐phase porous material exposed to high temperatures resulting from the fire. For this purpose, the structural solver is at the moment manually coupled with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver to setup a computational framework for such fire‐structure simulations. Herein, the combustion process of the fire and the smoke propagation is carried out using the open‐source software denoted as Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and the thermo–hydro–mechanical fracture is computed using a FEniCS‐based solver. The finite‐difference method based FDS solves the filtered Navier–Stokes equations using the large‐eddy simulation technique to describe the turbulent flow and heat transfer including radiation and combustion inside the fluid domain. The concrete damage such as cracks, holes, or spalling is computed using a phase‐field method in a separate solver based on the thermal boundary conditions from the fire simulation. Subsequently, both solvers are coupled using the open‐source coupling framework preCICE. Based on the rate at which the crack or spalling is developing, the computational domain of the fluid solver has to be adapted taking the generated holes in the wall structure into account for the ongoing CFD simulation. It allows for the leakage of smoke gases through the concrete wall structure and thus the spreading of the fire scenario. The proposed model is illustrated by an exemplary case that forecasts the leakage of smoke and hazardous gases from the successive damage caused by the thermal spalling induced on a concrete wall structure.

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“…Though the coefficient κ 0 can be temperature‐dependent, in this work, a constant parameter is adopted due to the lack of consolidated test data. For the sake of simplicity, the degradation function

\omega (d)

is introduced in Equation (2.13), 59,66,73,74 with the implicit assumption that no heat will flow through fully softened cracks or, equivalently, the latter are insulating for heat conduction 66,75,76 . This simplification is acceptable since the opening of thermally induced cracks is usually very small such that the effects of convection and radiation can be neglected.…”

Section: General Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A length scale insensitive phase‐field model for fully coupled thermo‐mechanical fracture in concrete at high temperatures

Chen

Zhou

2022

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

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Fracture in concrete at high temperatures involves complex thermo‐mechanical couplings and arbitrary crack evolution, imposing great challenges to its computational modeling. This work addresses a length scale insensitive phase‐field cohesive model for fully coupled thermo‐mechanical fracture in concrete at high temperatures. Both the thermal expansion and transient creep strain are accounted for in the kinematics. Based on the underlying phase‐field cohesive model for fracture in solids at ambient temperature, the temperature‐dependent mechanical properties of concrete, that is, Young's modulus, tensile and compressive strengths and fracture energy, and so forth, are all incorporated. In addition to the cracking‐induced mechanical damage mechanism represented by the crack phase‐field, the thermal deterioration mechanism is also considered by a temperature‐dependent thermal damage variable. The numerical implementation of the proposed model into the multi‐field finite element method is then briefly addressed. Several representative numerical examples, for example, thermally induced cracking in energy storage structures, thermal shock in quenched concrete plates, mode‐I and mixed‐mode failure of notched beams at high temperatures, and so forth, are presented for the validation. The effects of various expressions for the transient creep strain (TCS) on the global behavior of concrete structures are also studied. As in those purely mechanical problems, both the predicted crack pattern and global responses for all examples are insensitive to the incorporated phase‐field length scale. Being able to capture the fully coupled thermo‐mechanical fracture in concrete, the proposed phase‐field cohesive model, combined with a reliable hydro‐chemo‐thermal analysis, is promising in assessing the integrity and safety of concrete structures at high temperatures like fire scenarios.

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Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-phase field modeling for fire-induced spalling in concrete

Cited by 29 publications

References 71 publications

Modeling of Heat and Mass Transfer in Cement-Based Materials during Cement Hydration—A Review

Modeling of Heat and Mass Transfer in Cement-Based Materials during Cement Hydration—A Review

Toward coupled fire‐structure simulations for forecasting smoke leakage in case of concrete structures under fire

A length scale insensitive phase‐field model for fully coupled thermo‐mechanical fracture in concrete at high temperatures

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