“…Phenomenological equations relating the transport of ions and solvent to electrical potential, pressure and concentration gradients have achieved widespread acceptance in the literature (Gross and Osterle, 1968;deGroot and Mazur, 1969;Auriault and Strzelecki, 1981;Auriault and Lewandowska, 1994;Edwards, 1995;Coelho et al, 1996;Marino et al, 2000Marino et al, , 2001Adler, 2001;Adler and Mityushev, 2003;Revil and Leroy, 2004;Rosanne et al, 2004). For a one-to-one electrolyte they typically have the form (Marino et al, 2001):…”