Coupling a 3D Lithophilic Skeleton with a Fluorine-Enriched Interface to Enable Stable Lithium Metal Anode

Abstract

Lithium (Li) metal anode is known as a potential anode candidate for next-generation high-energy-density rechargeable batteries. Nevertheless, the challenge caused by the uncontrollable Li dendrites' growth and the fragile solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer seriously hinders the commercial application of Li metal batteries. Herein, we report a fluorine-enriched nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres decorated carbon fibers (FNCS@CF) skeleton which effectively integrates the uniformly distributed lithophilic sites and mechanically robust LiF-enriched SEI, thus endowing the composite Li metal anode with durable and dendrite-free features. The Li nucleation barrier is greatly reduced owing to the strong lithiophilicity characteristics of pyridinic/ pyrrolic nitrogen. The fluorinated hollow carbon spheres can not only provide a powerful setting for Li deposition but can also promote the in situ formation of LiFenriched SEI. As a result, the prepared FNCS@CF skeleton demonstrates excellent electrochemical performances such as ultrahigh average Coulombic efficiency of 99.6% over 240 cycles at 3 mA h cm −2 and remarkable cyclability (1300 h) with a low deposition overpotential of 10 mV. Furthermore, a FNCS@CF-Li|NCM full cell was also assembled which exhibits a prominent cycling stability and capacity retention even under simulated practical working conditions, i.e., low negative-to-positive capacity (N/ P) ratio of 1.5 and lean electrolyte of 10 uL mAh −1 .

Enabling 420 Wh kg −1 Stable Lithium‐Metal Pouch Cells by Lanthanum Doping

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Under realistic conditions especially for high-energy-density LMBs (>400 Wh kg −1 ), these phenomena will be exacerbated, thereby leading to poor electrochemical performance.Extensive efforts have been devoted to tackling the issues mentioned above, including the modification of surface with protective layers, [7][8][9][10][11] design of current collector structures, [12][13][14][15] introduction of functional electrolyte additives, [16][17][18][19] and application of solid-state electrolytes. [20][21][22] Despite the considerable success achieved in preventing dendrite growth to a certain extent at low Li plating capacities (<2 mAh cm −2 ), challenges still exist at high deposition capacities (>4 mAh cm −2 ).

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Highly efficient lithium-ion battery cathode material recycling using deep eutectic solvent based nanofluids

“…13,14 LIBs are mostly composed of a battery shell, a cathode, an anode, an organic electrolyte, a membrane separator, and a battery case. [15][16][17][18] A commonly used LIB cathode is composed of aluminum (Al) foil, an organic binder, and a cathode material. By comparison, the anode largely consists of copper foil, an organic binder, and anode materials.…”

Dual‐Functional Hosts for Polysulfides Conversion and Lithium Plating/Stripping towards Lithium‐Sulfur Full Cells

“…This simultaneously destroys the original SEI layer, exposes the fresh lithium surface to the electrolyte, and continuously consumes electrolyte and active lithium, all of which result in lower deposition efficiency and irreversible capacity loss, even with safety concerns [17,18] . Many efforts have been made to improve the stability of lithium metal anodes, such as designing novel cell configurations to mitigate passivation of lithium metal anodes, [19,20] modifying solid electrolyte layer to prevent penetration of dendrites, [21] or introducing protective layers to protect lithium metal anodes [22] . Although these strategies can effectively homogenize lithium deposition and increase the safety of the electrode, they do not fully address the key challenges of lithium‐sulfur batteries, regardless of cathode or anode.…”

“…[17,18] Many efforts have been made to improve the stability of lithium metal anodes, such as designing novel cell configurations to mitigate passivation of lithium metal anodes, [19,20] modifying solid electrolyte layer to prevent penetration of dendrites, [21] or introducing protective layers to protect lithium metal anodes. [22] Although these strategies can effectively homogenize lithium deposition and increase the safety of the electrode, they do not fully address the key challenges of lithium-sulfur batteries, regardless of cathode or anode. Therefore, searching for advanced dual-functional hosts for polysulfide conversion and Li plating is expected comprehensively to improve the overall electrochemical performances of practical LSBs.…”