Coupling between Biota and Earth Materials in the Critical Zone

Amundson, R.; Richter, Daniel deB.; Humphreys, Geoff S.; Jobbágy, Estéban G.; Gaillardet, Jérôme

doi:10.2113/gselements.3.5.327

Cited by 179 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These are not directly considered here. The transfer of energy to reduced organic compounds represents a central energetic flux in terms of subsurface critical zone development (Amundson et al, 2007) and is thus central to the framework discussed herein.…”

Section: Theoretical Construct -Energy and Mass Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic constraints on effective energy and mass transfer and catchment function

Rasmussen

2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Understanding how water, energy and carbon are partitioned to primary production and effective precipitation is central to quantifying the limits on critical zone evolution. Recent work suggests quantifying energetic transfers to the critical zone in the form of effective precipitation and primary production provides a first order approximation of critical zone process and structural organization. However, explicit linkage of this effective energy and mass transfer (EEMT; W m −2 ) to critical zone state variables and well defined physical limits remains to be developed. The objective of this work was to place EEMT in the context of thermodynamic state variables of temperature and vapor pressure deficit, with explicit definition of EEMT physical limits using a global climate dataset. The relation of EEMT to empirical measures of catchment function was also examined using a subset of the Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX) catchments. The data demonstrated three physical limits for EEMT: (i) an absolute vapor pressure deficit threshold of 1200 Pa above which EEMT is zero; (ii) a temperature dependent vapor pressure deficit limit following the saturated vapor pressure function up to a temperature of 292 K; and (iii) a minimum precipitation threshold required from EEMT production at temperatures greater than 292 K. Within these limits, EEMT scales directly with precipitation, with increasing conversion of the precipitation to EEMT with increasing temperature. The state-space framework derived here presents a simplified framework with well-defined physical limits that has the potential for directly integrating regional to pedon scale heterogeneity in effective energy and mass transfer relative to critical zone structure and function within a common thermodynamic framework.

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Section: Theoretical Construct -Energy and Mass Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic constraints on effective energy and mass transfer and catchment function

Rasmussen

2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Some of them were focused on the perspective of the nutritional skills, or toxicity, when consumed by humans [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and others tried to settle differences between different species or places [11,12]. There are also some recent papers on the subject of the weathering properties of wild mushrooms and their relation with the mineral particles of the soil [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Some studies have shown a correlation between fungal metal concentrations and point sources of metal pollution such as smelters or roadsides [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle Influence on the Content of Copper, Zinc and Rubidium in Wild Mushrooms

Campos¹,

Toro

Reyes³

et al. 2012

Applied and Environmental Soil Science

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The concentration of 18 trace elements in several species of fungi (arranged in three groups: ectomycorrhizae, saprobes, and epiphytes) has been determined. The measurements were made using the methodology of X-ray fluorescence. Higher contents of Cu and Rb (with statistical support) have been found in the ectomycorrhizal species. The Zn content reached higher concentrations in the saprophytic species. According to the normality test and the search for outliers, the species Clitocybe maxima and Suillus bellini accumulate large amounts of Cu and Rb, respectively, so that both can be named as "outliers." The leftwards displacement of the density curves and their nonnormality are attributed to the presence of these two species, which exhibit hyperaccumulation skills for Cu and Rb, respectively. Regarding Zn absorption, no particular species were classified as outlier; therefore it can be assumed that the observed differences between the different groups of fungi are due to differences in their nutritional physiology.

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“…As ecosystems, soils are also habitats for different biota, just as soil itself is a living entity and not just abiotic material based on physical and chemical weathering processes [35]. Furthermore, plants, fungi, and animals have had profound effects on the rate of mineral weathering [66]. The coupled cycles approach within the CZ concept supports an integrative research concept in Hydropedology, because the hydrological cycle is inseparable from the biogeochemical cycle, strongly influenced by biota, which together determine the ecological cycle [35].…”

Section: Hydropedology and Spring Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Opinion on Spring Habitats within the Earth’s Critical Zone in Headwater Regions

Reiss

Chifflard

2017

Water

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Springs are crucial interfaces within the Earth's Critical Zone, connecting water and its related matter and energy at different scales from the microscopic to the macroscopic level. This connectivity is of importance for habitat conditions and the invertebrate community in springs as ecotones at the groundwater-surface water and the aquatic-terrestrial interfaces in headwater regions. Here, an integrative approach regarding an appropriate theoretical framework is given as an opinion on coupling perspectives from Ecohydrology and Earth Science. A theoretical integration within the approaches of the concepts of Earth's Critical Zone and Hydropedology with its hierarchical framework is considered for bridging multiple scales from the individual substrate type to the entire spring habitat and the headwater catchment. The paper is in every respect an opinion on theoretical approaches and provides a synthesis within a conceptual framework for spring habitats, which should give further insight into how to study such small water bodies in the context of its adjacent landscape settings.Keywords: ecohydrology; hydropedology; hierarchical framework; ecotone; groundwater; interflow A Spring Is a Spring Is a SpringA spring is where groundwater discharges to the ground surface creating a visible flow [1,2]. Springs form headwater streams as an integrative part of headwater regions and their water network systems. Classifications of spring habitats vary according to their specific features and environmental characteristics [1,[3][4][5]. Springs are typified by high water clarity, a relatively constant water temperature, and chemical conditions focusing on temperate cold springs [6]. The water temperature regime determines a basic classification of springs based on mean annual air temperature for a regional catchment. Ambient springs (also called non-thermal springs or cool springs) are characterized by a water temperature that is approximately equal to the mean annual air temperature [7,8]. The term cold springs should be reserved for springs with temperatures below mean annual air temperature [9]. There is a lack of consensus regarding the exact temperature that distinguishes an ambient spring from a thermal spring. It would be consistent to describe thermal springs as those with a water temperature above the mean annual air temperature, but several other thresholds exist, e.g., a division between a non-thermal and thermal spring at 20 • C or the human body temperature [3,10]. A fundamental geochemical classification can be made based on the calcium carbonate content, which directly influences the alkalinity of spring water. Generally, springs can be categorized as calcareous springs if the bedrock is entirely or partially composed of calcium carbonate, and siliceous springs if the bedrock is acid igneous or other bedrock that does not contain calcium carbonate [11]. Calcareous and siliceous springs are characterized by different plant communities [12]. Hydrochemical differences are of crucial importance for the di...

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Coupling between Biota and Earth Materials in the Critical Zone

Cited by 179 publications

References 32 publications

Thermodynamic constraints on effective energy and mass transfer and catchment function

Thermodynamic constraints on effective energy and mass transfer and catchment function

Lifestyle Influence on the Content of Copper, Zinc and Rubidium in Wild Mushrooms

An Opinion on Spring Habitats within the Earth’s Critical Zone in Headwater Regions

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