Coupling of in-situ pervaporation for the enhanced esterification of propionic acid with isobutyl alcohol over cenosphere based catalyst

Hydrophilic and organophilic pervaporation of industrially important α,β and α,ω-diols

“…The Hansen solubility parameters of PVA (15.9 MPa 1/2 ), water (15.5 MPa 1/2 ), and 1,2-HDO (16.31 MPa 1/2 ) are comparable. 32,33 Therefore, PVA, 1,2-HDO, and water are likely to form polar–polar and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Conversely, the separation factor increased with increase in crosslinking agent concentration, possibly because of the intermolecular crosslinking of PVA chains, which reduces the gap between polymer chains and prohibits the passage of the larger 1,2-HDO molecules but not that of the small water molecules.…”

Stability and pervaporation characteristics of PVA and its blend with PVAm membranes in a ternary feed mixture containing highly reactive epichlorohydrin

“…11 Pervaporation is a well-known alternative method to classical distillation, which is not only limited to dehydration of liquid hydrocarbons to produce highpurity organics like ethanol, 12 isopropanol, 13,14 ethylene glycol, 15 etc., but has also been employed to enhance the conversion rate of esterication reactions. 16,17 Additionally, it has also been used in the extraction of aroma compounds from alcoholic beverages, 18,19 separation of aromatics from gasoline in the petroleum industry, etc. 20,21 Epichlorohydrin (ECH) containing epoxide and organochlorine moieties is a highly reactive electrophilic compound used in the production of glycerol, plastics, and epoxy resins.…”

Pervaporation‐Assisted Esterification of Caproic Acid with Isobutanol in Conventional, In Situ, and Ex Situ Reactors

“…Also, due to the limited availability of hydrophobic membranes that are sufficiently selective to ester compounds, the use of water‐selective hydrophilic membranes has increased. The incorporation of a hydrophilic membrane into PV for enhancement of esterification has been studied in several recent works .…”