Coupling of ionic liquid‐based headspace single‐drop microextraction with GC for sensitive detection of phenols

Abstract

A headspace single-drop microextraction (SDME) based on ionic liquid (IL) has been developed for the gas chromatographic determination of phenols. The volume of IL microdrop used was 1 microL. After extraction, the analytes were desorbed from the drop in the injection port and the involatile IL was withdrawn into the microsyringe. To facilitate the withdrawal of IL the upper diameter of the split inlet liner was enlarged to some extent. Some parameters were optimized for the determination of phenols. Under the selected conditions, i.e., desorption for 100 s at 210 degrees C after extraction for 25 min at 50 degrees C in solutions (pH 3) containing 0.36 g/mL sodium chloride, the LODs, RSDs, and the average enrichment factors of phenols were 0.1-0.4 ng/mL, 3.6-9.5% (n=5), and 35-794, respectively. The proposed procedure was applied to the determination of phenols in lake water and wastewater samples, and the spiked recoveries were in the range of 81-111% at a spiked level of 0.4 microg/mL. This method is a promising alternative for the sensitive determination of phenolic compounds.

Ionic liquid‐based ultrasound‐assisted extraction of fangchinoline and tetrandrine from Stephaniae tetrandrae

“…Recently, one kind of solvent medium named ionic liquid has been used as a possible solvent media alternative to the organic solvents [11]. Although the biological toxicity and experimental cost should be taken into consideration, ionic liquids present distinct features including low volatility, high specific solvent abilities, chemical and thermal stability, nonflammability, and ease of recirculation and manipulation.…”

Ionic liquid-based microextraction: A sample pretreatment technique for chromatographic analysis

“…In order to overcome this obstacle, efforts have been made in the last few years to explore the feasibility to couple the IL-based SDME with GC [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Recently, Aguilera-Herrador and coworkers [31], for the first time, designed a new removable interface permiting the direct injection of the extracted analytes into the GC-MS system, while preventing the IL from entering the column.…”

“…SDME is a simple, inexpensive, fast and effective sample pretreatment technique. Since Liu and coworkers [18] proposed ILs as solvents in SDME for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), their use has received more attention and their extractability has been fully investigated [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. In the past few years, many reported works have described the applications of IL-SDME combined with HPLC for the extraction and analysis of free benzophenone-3 [19], dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites [20], aromatic amines [21], phenols [22][23][24], chlorobenzenes [25,26], chlorinated anilines [27], formaldehyde [28], mercury species [29] and UV filters [30] from various matrices.…”

Estimation of lead in biological samples of oral cancer patients chewing smokeless tobacco products by ionic liquid-based microextraction in a single syringe system

“…The solubility of Bhydrophobic^IL in nonionic surfactant occurs due to the existence of significant interactions (H-bonding, dipole-induced dipole) among [C 4 MIM][PF 6 ] and Triton X-114 (Zhao et al 2008). The effect of Triton X-114 volume on Pb recovery was examined in the range of 0.025-0.20 % (v/v).…”