Coupling of photoelectric and triboelectric effects as an effective approach for PZT-based high-performance self-powered ultraviolet photodetector

Su, Li; Li, Hua Yang; Wang, Ying; Kuang, Shuang Yang; Wang, Zhong Lin; Zhu, Guang

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.11.019

Cited by 70 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Generally, an external power supply is required to prevent the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers (electron–hole pairs) for desirable photoresponse, which limits the miniaturization of photodetectors as well as their long‐term application in large‐scale arrays . It is thus of great importance to achieve self‐powered operation at zero bias, either through integrating the photodetectors with triboelectric/piezoelectric nanogenerators or by utilizing intrinsic photovoltaic effect . For self‐powered UV photodetectors driven by the photovoltaic effect, ZnO nanowires are a promising candidate, owing to its band gap of 3.35 eV suitable for UV absorption, 1D nanostructure superior for prolonging lifetime of charge carriers, and noncentral‐symmetric crystal structure beneficial for piezoelectric or pyroelectric polarization .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Powered UV Photodetector Array Based on P3HT/ZnO Nanowire Array Heterojunction

Ouyang

Zhang

Yang

2017

Adv Materials Technologies

137

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noncentral-symmetric crystal structure beneficial for piezoelectric or pyroelectric polarization. [15][16][17][18] Until now, various self-powered photodetectors based on ZnO nanowires have been reported with high responsivity. [8,11,19] In particular, accelerated separation of charge carriers have been observed in ZnO-based organic-inorganic heterojunctions due to the formation of built-in electric field at the heterojunctions. [20,21] Besides, such organic-inorganic photodetectors are more attractive due to their unique flexibility and stability. [22] However, most of them require a relatively long response/ recovery time; thus, it is still challenging to improve the performance of related photodetectors in simple structures. Moreover, along with rapid growth of sensor networks that contain huge amounts of small UV sensors, it is highly desirable to integrate such photodetectors into self-powered array configuration to achieve largescale light imaging.In this work, we demonstrate a self-powered UV photodetector array based on p-P3HT/n-ZnO nanowire array heterojunction. The obtained photodetector exhibits large photoconductive gain, high responsivity, fast response and recovery speed, and uncomplicated low-cost fabrication process. Meanwhile, the thermal effect on UV photoresponse is investigated under quantitative temperature differences. The cooling-generated performance enhancement of this photodetector is suggested to arise from the thermo-phototronic effect, whereby an applied temperature difference modifies the energy band of p-n heterojunction by producing thermoelectric field. Finally, a multichannel photodetector array with 16 pixels is demonstrated for high-resolution UV imaging. This study pushes forward self-powered light imaging by integrating inorganic-organic hybrid photodetector into array configuration. Figure 1a illustrates the schematic structure of the self-powered poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/ZnO photodetector, which consists of a transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) film electrode, a layer of ZnO nanowire array partially infiltrated with P3HT, a layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film, and an aluminum (Al) film electrode. The cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) image in Figure 1b confirms the final configuration of a fabricated device with an effective thickness of ≈4 µm, where we can see that the P3HT polymer is partially infiltrated into the interval of upper ZnO nanowires. The ZnO nanowire array was synthesized via a simple solution-based growth technique as given in the Self-powered photodetector array based on organic-inorganic heterojunction is extremely suitable for light imaging applications, owing to their unique flexibility and stability. Here, a self-powered ultraviolet (UV) photodetector based on p-P3HT/n-ZnO nanowire array heterojunction is demonstrated, which exhibits photoconductive gain of 4.2 × 10 −4 , responsivity of 125 µA W −1 , specific detectivity of 3.7 × 10 7 Jones, and response/recovery speed of less than 100 m...

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confidence: 99%

Self‐Powered UV Photodetector Array Based on P3HT/ZnO Nanowire Array Heterojunction

Ouyang

Zhang

Yang

2017

Adv Materials Technologies

137

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“…Here, I ph is the net photocurrent that is defined as ǀ I light ǀ − ǀ I dark ǀ, P is the incident light intensity, hv is the energy of an incident photon, e is the electronic charge, and S is the effective irradiated area on the BFO. The responsivity R is defined as R = I ph /( PS ) to estimate the response of the photocurrent to the light intensity . The specific detectivity D * is calculated by D * = R /(2 e · I dark / S ) 0.5 to evaluate the smallest detectable signal by considering the dark current .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The responsivity R is defined as R = I ph /( PS ) to estimate the response of the photocurrent to the light intensity . The specific detectivity D * is calculated by D * = R /(2 e · I dark / S ) 0.5 to evaluate the smallest detectable signal by considering the dark current . Figure d,e shows that G , R , and D * increase dramatically with the decreasing 450 light intensity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photovoltaic–Pyroelectric Coupled Effect Based Nanogenerators for Self‐Powered Photodetector System

Jia

Yang

2017

Adv Materials Inter

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seriously lowering the power conversion efficiency. [13][14][15][16] The photocurrent of ferroelectric devices is determined by the light adsorption process, dissociation efficiency of electron-hole pairs, lifetime and the mobility of charges. [17] As is known, most of the ferroelectric materials have small absorption coefficient and large bandgap of 2.6-4 eV, thus can only scavenge a little amount of solar energy in the UV range or near UV range of sunlight. According to the Glass model, driven by the noncentral symmetric potential well, the excited electrons only can shift several angstorms along the polarization direction before they decay, leading to very small photocurrent in ferroelectric-photovoltaic devices. Moreover, the lifetime of the photogenerated nonequilibrium charges was only in the picosecond scale, while the recombination lifetime was measured to be submicrosecond to tens of microseconds. [17] Therefore, owing to the very small photocurrent, it seems to be difficult for ferroelectric materials superior to classical semiconductor in mainstream usage of photovoltaic devices. However, these materials could be more appealing for some specific applications due to their multifunctionalities. For instance, most of the ferroelectric materials have bandgaps of 2.6-4 eV, which only can absorb a certain range of wavelength in sunlight with photons energies above bandgap energy. [17,18] Therefore, besides as nanogenerators for scavenging solar energy, ferroelectric photovoltaic devices may be more suitable for fabricating photodetectors to detect a certain wavelength light.Among the conventional ferroelectric materials, BiFeO 3 (BFO) has the narrowest bandgap of about 2.67 eV, which can absorb the light wavelengths of less than 465 nm. [19] Thus BFObased ferroelectric-photovoltaic devices could be well utilized to detect 450 nm light in the range of visible light. Moreover, as a multifunctional material, BFO possesses both the photovoltaic and pyroelectric effects, offering more opportunities for such applications. When 450 nm light is illuminating on BFO surface, electrical signals could be detected due to the generation and separation of electron-hole pairs. However, it is suggested that being different from traditional p-n junction based semiconductor, the photovoltaic effect of BFO may be associated with noncentral symmetric structure, domain wall, Schottky barrier, and depolarization field. [17] In addition, due to the noncentral symmetric crystal structure, pyroelectric signals can be generated by the light-induced temperature increase Ferroelectric material BiFeO 3 with narrow bandgap of 2.67 eV can be more suitable to fabricate photodetectors instead of solar energy harvesters because of low energy conversion efficiency. Herein, a BiFeO 3 film-based self-powered photodetector is reported by using the photovoltaic-pyroelectric coupled effect to enable a fast sensing of 450 nm light illumination. Compared with photovoltaic effect, the photosensitivity parameters including photoconductive gain, respons...

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“…TENGs designed with a triple cantilever is used to harvest the vibration energy, which is operating under the variable normal load condition [75]. Especially when the electromechanical phenomena are involved (e.g., the coupling between the piezoelectric effect and charge separation), the understanding of the role of the normal load is essential [76][77][78].…”

Section: Load Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental theories and basic principles of triboelectric effect: A review

2018

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Long-term observation of the triboelectric effect has not only proved the feasibility of many novel and useful tribo-devices (e.g., triboelectric nanogenerators), but also constantly motivated the exploration of its mysterious nature. In the pursuit of a comprehensive understanding of how the triboelectric process works, a more accurate description of the triboelectric effect and its related parameters and factors is urgently required. This review critically goes through the fundamental theories and basic principles governing the triboelectric process. By investigating the difference between each charging media, the electron, ion, and material transfer is discussed and the theoretical deduction in the past decades is provided. With the information from the triboelectric series, interesting phenomena including cyclic triboelectric sequence and asymmetric triboelectrification are precisely analyzed. Then, the interaction between the tribo-system and its operational environment is analyzed, and a fundamental description of its effects on the triboelectric process and results is summarized. In brief, this review is expected to provide a strong understanding of the triboelectric effect in a more rigorous mathematical and physical sense.

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Coupling of photoelectric and triboelectric effects as an effective approach for PZT-based high-performance self-powered ultraviolet photodetector

Cited by 70 publications

References 32 publications

Self‐Powered UV Photodetector Array Based on P3HT/ZnO Nanowire Array Heterojunction

Self‐Powered UV Photodetector Array Based on P3HT/ZnO Nanowire Array Heterojunction

Photovoltaic–Pyroelectric Coupled Effect Based Nanogenerators for Self‐Powered Photodetector System

Fundamental theories and basic principles of triboelectric effect: A review

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