Coupling polariton quantum boxes in sub-wavelength grating microcavities

Zhang, Bo; Brodbeck, Sebastian; Wang, Zhaorong; Kamp, M.; Schneider, Christian; Höfling, Sven; Deng, Hui

doi:10.1063/1.4907606

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…8 Complex pumping geometries can also be used to confine polaritons, including the use of two or more pump spots in various arrangements or using a ring-shaped pump spot. [9][10][11][12][13] More permanent methods of confinement include producing a spacer in certain regions of the cavity during the growth process, 14-16 using sub-wavelength gratings as the top mirror, 17,18 depositing metal strips onto the top mirror, 19 and etching the sample after growth to form 1D wires, 2D pillars, and 2D arrays of coupled pillars.…”

Section: 7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Edge trapping of exciton-polariton condensates in etched pillars

Myers

Wuenschell

Ozden

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Letters

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In this letter, we present a study of the condensation of exciton-polaritons in large etched pillar structures that exhibit shallow edge trapping. The ≈ 100 µm ×100 µm pillars were fabricated using photolithography and a BCl 3 /Cl 2 reactive ion etch. A low energy region emerged along the etched edge, with the minima ≈ 7 µm from the outer edge. The depth of the trap was 0.5 − 1.5 meV relative to the level central region, with the deepest trapping at the corners. We were able to produce a Bose-Einstein condensate in the trap near the edges and corners by pumping non-resonantly in the middle of the pillar. This condensate began as a set of disconnected condensates at various points along the edges, but then became a single mono-energetic condensate as the polariton density was increased. Similar edge traps could be used to produce shallow 1D traps along edges or other more complex traps using various etch geometries and scales.In the past two decades, many experiments have used polaritons resulting from strong coupling between trapped microcavity photons and quantum well (QW) excitons. These bosonic particles have a very light mass (∼ 10 −4 m e ) due to being partially photonic, but also strong particle-particle interactions from being partially excitonic.1 This combination of a light mass and strong interactions leads to the formation of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) at relatively high temperatures (∼ 10 K).2-4 Polaritons provide a promising system for studying bosonic particles at even higher temperatures, and polariton lasing has been observed at room temperature in both GaN 5 and organic 6 systems. Many methods of confinement have been used to study polariton dynamics in a variety of geometries. Applying stress to a thin (≈ 100 µm) GaAs sample can be used to shift the exciton energy, resulting in a harmonic trap. 4,7Pumping such a stress trap non-resonantly in the center forms a repulsive barrier and can be used to form a ring geometry.8 Complex pumping geometries can also be used to confine polaritons, including the use of two or more pump spots in various arrangements or using a ring-shaped pump spot.9-13 More permanent methods of confinement include producing a spacer in certain regions of the cavity during the growth process, 14-16 using sub-wavelength gratings as the top mirror, 17,18 depositing metal strips onto the top mirror, 19 and etching the sample after growth to form 1D wires, 2D pillars, and 2D arrays of coupled pillars. 20-25While optically induced trapping potentials have the advantage of being easily reconfigured, etched trapping allows the confinement to be somewhat independent of the pump laser. Post-growth etching also produces much higher potential barriers at the etched edges than the a) Electronic mail: dmm154@pitt.edu b) J. K. Wuenschell is now at Physical Sciences Laboratory, The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245, USA deposition of metal strips, and it is compatible with our existing sample materials and growth methods, unlike sub-wavelength gratings or modulating the cavi...

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Section: 7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Edge trapping of exciton-polariton condensates in etched pillars

Myers

Wuenschell

Ozden

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Letters

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“…[20], the dispersion curvatures along transverse directions can be engineered in HCG-based vertical cavities to have a specific positive, zero, or negative value. The control of dispersion characteristics opens a way to engineer the enhancement of the spontaneous emission through the Purcell factor [63] or control the properties of polariton lasers [64]. Furthermore, the freedom of engineering the cavity dispersion or equivalently the photon effective mass enables us to realize interesting inplane heterostructures [20], and plays an important role in controlling the importance of disorder effects as shown for photonic crystal lasers [65].…”

Section: Cavity Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of Vertical Cavity Lasers With High-Contrast Gratings Using the Fourier Modal Method

Taghizadeh¹,

Mørk²,

Chung³

2016

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-We show the strength of the Fourier modal method (FMM) for numerically investigating the optical properties of vertical cavities including subwavelength gratings. Three different techniques for determining the resonance frequency and Q-factor of a cavity mode are compared. Based on that, the Fabry-Perot approach has been chosen due to its numerical efficiency. The computational uncertainty in determining the resonance frequency and Q-factor is investigated, showing that the uncertainty in the Q-factor calculation can be a few orders of magnitude larger than that in the resonance frequency calculation. Moreover, a method for reducing 3D simulations to lower-dimensional simulations is suggested, and is shown to enable approximate and fast simulations of certain device parameters. Numerical calculation of the cavity dispersion, which is an important characteristic of vertical cavities, is illustrated. By employing the implemented FMM, it is shown that adiabatic heterostructures designs are advantageous compared to abrupt heterostructures for minimizing the cavity scattering loss.

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“…Hence polariton modes were tightly confined to within the SWG region of 7.5 µm × 7.5 µm [38,39], featuring a discrete energy spectrum ( Fig. 1(b)).…”

Section: The Cavity Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Coherent Polariton Lasers

et al. 2015

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The semiconductor polariton laser promises a new source of coherent light, which, compared to conventional semiconductor photon lasers, has input-energy threshold orders of magnitude lower. However, intensity stability, a defining feature of a coherent state, has remained poor. Intensity noise at many times of the shot-noise of a coherent state has persisted, which has been attributed to multiple mechanisms that are difficult to separate in conventional polariton systems. The large intensity noise in turn limited the phase coherence. These limit the capability of the polariton laser as a source of coherence light. Here, we demonstrate a polariton laser with shot-noise limited intensity stability, as expected of a fully coherent state. This is achieved by using an optical cavity with high mode selectivity to enforce single-mode lasing, suppress condensate depletion, and establish gain saturation. The absence of spurious intensity fluctuations moreover enabled measurement of a transition from exponential to Gaussian decay of the phase coherence of the polariton laser. It suggests large self-interaction energies in the polariton condensate, exceeding the laser bandwidth.Such strong interactions are unique to matter-wave laser and important for nonlinear polariton devices. The results will guide future development of polariton lasers and nonlinear polariton devices.

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Coupling polariton quantum boxes in sub-wavelength grating microcavities

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Edge trapping of exciton-polariton condensates in etched pillars

Edge trapping of exciton-polariton condensates in etched pillars

Numerical Investigation of Vertical Cavity Lasers With High-Contrast Gratings Using the Fourier Modal Method

A Coherent Polariton Lasers

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