“…A main source of difficulty lies in the conflict between fast, robust strain growth and the fitness-counterproductive repurposing of cellular resources to produce large amounts of a desirable compound. Nevertheless, ALE studies with proper experimental design can be used to overcome this conflict and optimize metabolite production and increase titer (Basso et al, 2011;Charusanti et al, 2012;Fong et al, 2005a;Fu et al, 2013;Grabar et al, 2006;Jiang et al, 2013;Lee et al, 2016Lee et al, , 2014Lu et al, 2012;Luo et al, 2019;Mahr et al, 2015;Otero et al, 2013;Pontrelli et al, 2018;Reyes et al, 2014;Royce et al, 2015;Shen et al, 2012;Smith and Liao, 2011;Vilela et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2012;Wisselink et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2007;Zhao et al, 2013;Zhou et al, 2005Zhou et al, , 2003.…”