Coupling technique of random amplified polymorphic DNA and nanoelectrochemical sensor for mapping pancreatic cancer genetic fingerprint

Abstract

Objective To review the feasibility of coupling the techniques of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with carbon nanotube-based modified electrode for guanine/deoxyguanine triphosphate (dGTP) electrochemical sensing for mapping of the pancreatic cancer genetic fingerprint and screening of genetic alterations. Methods We developed a new method to study the electrochemical behavior of dGTP utilizing carbon multiwalled nanotube (MWNT)-modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs). RAPD was applied for amplification of DNA samples from healthy controls and patients with pancreatic cancer under the same conditions to determine the different surplus quantity of dGTP in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), thereby determining the difference/quantity of PCR products or template strands. Using this method we generated a genetic fingerprint map of pancreatic cancer through the combination of electrochemical sensors and gel electrophoresis to screen for genetic alterations. Cloning and sequencing were then performed to verify these gene alterations. Results dGTP showed favorable electrochemical behavior on the MWNTs/GCE. The results indicated that the electrical signal and dGTP had a satisfactory linear relationship with the dGTP concentration within the conventional PCR concentration range. The MWNTs/GCE could distinguish between different products of RAPD. This experiment successfully identified a new pancreatic cancer-associated mutant gene fragment, consisting of a cyclin-dependent kinase 4 gene 3′ terminal mutation. Conclusion The coupling of RAPD and nanoelectrochemical sensors was successfully applied to the screening of genetic alterations in pancreatic cancer and for mapping of DNA fingerprints.

Potential applications and human biosafety of nanomaterials used in nanomedicine

“…At the early stages of pregnancy, very small amounts of fetal cells in the maternal blood can be used for genetic defect diagnosis (Bianchi and Hanson, 2006). Liu et al (2011) developed a new method to study the electrochemical behavior of dGTP utilizing carbon multi-walled nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrodes for mapping of the pancreatic cancer genetic fingerprint and screening of genetic alterations. Their results indicated that the coupling of random amplified polymorphic DNA and nanoelectrochemical sensors could be successfully applied to the screening of genetic alterations in pancreatic cancer and for mapping of DNA fingerprints.…”