Course and outcome of acute limbic encephalitis with negative voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies

Samarasekera, Shanika; Vincent, Angela; Welch, John L.; Jackson, Matthew J.; Nichols, P.; Griffiths, Timothy D.

doi:10.1136/jnnp.2006.093096

Cited by 47 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Three of these patients had limbic encephalitis associated with elevated voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies (VGKC-Abs), and the remain ing patient had limbic encephalitis in the absence of VGKC-Abs. The two conditions have been reported to have very similar characteristics (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…[19][20][21]26). For example, Schott et al (21) documented whole-brain cortical atrophy in the case of one individual with VGKC-Ab limbic encephalitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with limbic encephalitis can also perform poorly on tests of frontal lobe function (20,21). They may also confabulate (19,26,27), be confused (19,21), have seizures (20,21), manifest personality changes (19,20,27), and have EEG abnormalities in areas outside the medial temporal lobe (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Last, the patients with hippocampal damage who were impaired had amnesia resulting from limbic encephalitis (7). Although this condition is known to affect medial temporal lobe structures, patients can exhibit deficits beyond memory in intelligence and executive function (19)(20)(21).To explore these issues further, we tested the capacity for imagining future episodes in five patients with well-characterized, bilateral lesions apparently limited to the hippocampus and in one patient with large bilateral medial temporal lobe lesions that include the hippocampus. We administered the Adapted Autobiographical Interview (8, 22, 23) to patients and age-matched controls and, using the same measures used in previous studies (7, 8), we evaluated their capacity for constructing autobiographical episodes in three time periods: remote memory (before the age of 25 y), recent memory (within the past year), and the capacity to construct plausible autobiographical episodes for the near future.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Role of the hippocampus in remembering the past and imagining the future

Squire

Horst²,

McDuff³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

193

181

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It has been proposed that a core network of brain regions, including the hippocampus, supports both past remembering and future imagining. We investigated the importance of the hippocampus for these functions. Five patients with bilateral hippocampal damage and one patient with large medial temporal lobe lesions were tested for their ability to recount autobiographical episodes from the remote past, the recent past, and to imagine plausible episodes in the near future. The patients with hippocampal damage had intact remote autobiographical memory, modestly impaired recent memory, and an intact ability to imagine the future. The patient with large medial temporal lobe lesions had intact remote memory, markedly impaired recent memory, and also had an intact ability to imagine the future. The findings suggest that the capacity for imagining the future, like the capacity for remembering the remote past, is independent of the hippocampus.episodic memory | semantic memory | medial temporal lobe | remote memory | amnesia B ilateral damage to medial temporal lobe structures impairs the formation of new memories and also impairs recall of facts, events, and autobiographical experiences that were acquired during the years before the damage occurred (1, 2). This finding suggests that common mechanisms may underlie the ability to form new memories and the ability to recollect recent memories. There has also been interest in the possible link between remembering past experiences and imagining plausible episodes in the future (3). It was noted, for example, that the memory-impaired patient KC was impaired at generating autobiographical details about his past and also could not imagine future autobiographical episodes (4, 5). A link between past remembering and future imagining has received additional support from other patient studies. Thus, the densely amnesic patient DB had difficulty imagining future episodes (6). Similarly, four of five memory-impaired patients with lesions involving the hippocampus were reported to have difficulty constructing future autobiographical scenarios (7). Moreover, elderly individuals who provided fewer specific details about the recent past also provided fewer specific details about the future (8). Last, patients with mild Alzheimer's disease were impaired at providing autobiographical details about both past and future events (9).Consistent with these observations, neuroimaging studies have described substantial overlap between the brain regions activated when volunteers retrieve past memories and when they imagine future experiences (e.g., refs. 10-14). Schacter et al. (14) suggested that a core network of brain regions supports past remembering and future imagining. The key components of this network are proposed to be the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior regions in medial and lateral parietal cortex, lateral temporal cortex, and the medial temporal lobe including hippocampus (14,15).Within this network, the importance of the hippocampus and related medial temporal lobe structures for f...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…[19][20][21]26). For example, Schott et al (21) documented whole-brain cortical atrophy in the case of one individual with VGKC-Ab limbic encephalitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Role of the hippocampus in remembering the past and imagining the future

Squire

Horst²,

McDuff³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

193

181

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N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis

Tanaka

2016

Neuroimmunological Diseases

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Course and outcome of a voltage-gated potassium channel antibody negative Morvan’s syndrome

et al. 2009

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Morvan's syndrome is a rare disease characterized by peripheral nerve hyperexcitability, associated with CNS and autonomic systems involvement. High serum voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) antibody titers have been reported, and, till now, Morvan's syndrome has been considered as a VGKC antibody associated disease. We describe a patient with Morvan's syndrome associated with myasthenia gravis and a thymoma in his previous history, with surprisingly undetectable levels of VGKC antibodies. The clinical course is similar to those cases of Morvan's syndrome with VGKC-Ab, except for the lack of response to plasma exchange, previously considered as the first choice treatment. Nevertheless, the good response to corticosteroids therapy and the association with myasthenia confirm an autoimmune origin of the disease.

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Course and outcome of acute limbic encephalitis with negative voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies

Abstract: These cases demonstrate that the absence of VGKC-Ab in limbic encephalitis does not necessarily imply a paraneoplastic form. Further work is required to establish the immunological basis for the disorder in these patients, and the optimal treatment regimen.

Cited by 47 publications

References 20 publications

Role of the hippocampus in remembering the past and imagining the future

Role of the hippocampus in remembering the past and imagining the future

N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis

Course and outcome of a voltage-gated potassium channel antibody negative Morvan’s syndrome

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