Purpose:
To obtain the safe and qualified blood products (e.g., platelets, plasma, and red blood cell), various limitations such as limited shelf life (especially for platelets) and stability must be addressed. In this review study, the most common used metal nanomaterials (e.g., gold, silver, iron, and magnetic), reported in literature from 2011 to 2021 were discussed owing to their unique properties which provide exciting approaches to overcome these limitations and improve the stability, safety, and quality of blood products.
Novelty:
This study reviews for the first time the results of studies (from 2011 to 2021) which consider the effects of various metallic nanoparticles on the different blood products.
Results:
The results of this review study showed that some metallic nanoparticles are effective to improve the stability of plasma proteins. For this purpose, modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and citrate-AuNPs protect albumin products against stressful situations. Also, SiO2 microspheres and silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles are highly capable to improve the IgG stability. ZnO nanoparticles also reduced thrombin production and protein-coated GMNP nanoparticles prevented unwanted leakage of factor VIII through blood vessels. Furthermore, the stability and longevity of erythrocytes can be improved by AuNP nanoparticles and Zr-based organic nanoparticles. In addition, platelet storage time can be improved using PEGylated Au and functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles.
Suggestion:
According to the results of this study, it is suggested that further researches should be conducted on the metal nanoparticles as the most promising candidates to prepare metal nanoparticles with improved properties to increase the stability of various blood products.