“…A significant number of electrode materials is presently available for supercapacitors, e.g., carbon nanomaterials (graphene, carbon nanotubes, etc. ), conducting polymers, metal chalcogenides, layered double hydroxides (LDHs), metal oxides (MOs), metal sulfides (MSs), metal phosphates, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent–organic frameworks (COFs), MXenes, and their composites. , The selection and design of electrode materials depend on the specific requirements of the application based on various parameters, including desired energy density, power density, operating voltage, and cost considerations. Researchers and engineers continue to explore novel materials and fabrication techniques to enhance the performance and scalability of supercapacitors for energy storage applications, including electric vehicles, energy systems, and renewable and portable electronics.…”