Covalent triazine framework anchored with atomically dispersed iron as an efficient catalyst for advanced oxygen reduction

The Effect of Ga Incorporation in TiO2/SnO2 Nanoparticle‐Decorated Hierarchical ZSM‐5 Composite as Precious‐Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Electro‐Reduction

“…The availability of micropores on the electrocatalysts contribute to a great number of active sites. The presence of mesopores not only enhances the utilization of active sites, but also mass transport, electron transfer and facilitates fast O 2 diffusion, enabling it very promising [35] …”

“…only enhances the utilization of active sites, but also mass transport, electron transfer and facilitates fast O 2 diffusion, enabling it very promising. [35]…”

“…The onset potential of TiSn-HZSM-5 is higher than that of TiGaSn-HZSM-5 and other as-synthesised bimetallic zeolites catalyst which might probably be caused by easily accessible diffusion pathways for the solvated O 2 over the catalyst, and numerous exposed active sites, which result in the OÀ O bonds breakage. [35] The incorporation of Sn and Ti also increases the redox potential and improve catalytic activity. This results from the decrease in the band gap (Eg) resulting from the incorporation of Sn into the TiO 2 lattice due to their similar ionic radius of 0.605 Å and 0.609 Å for Ti 4 + and Sn 4 + respectively.…”

Designing a Hierarchical Porous Carbon with Optimized Nitrogen Doping for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction

“…reported that the ORR activity of N‐doped carbon catalysts was derived from highly exposed graphitic‐N species [23] . It has been demonstrated that graphitic‐N can enhance O 2 adsorption and subsequent O−O bond breaking by promoting an inhomogeneous distribution of electrons and a shortened C−N bond [24] . Wu et al.…”

“…[23] It has been demonstrated that graphitic-N can enhance O 2 adsorption and subsequent OÀ O bond breaking by promoting an inhomogeneous distribution of electrons and a shortened CÀ N bond. [24] Wu et al concluded that the doping ratio of pyridinic-N determines the ORR performance of Nitrogen-doped carbon (NC). [19] Because O 2 molecules tend to adsorb on Lewis base sites and O 2 adsorption is the initial step of ORR process, the Lewis base site created by pyridinic-N is the active site for ORR.…”