Covalently Modified Electrode with Pt Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Porous Organic Polymer for Efficient Electrocatalysis

Abstract

Imidazolium-based porous organic polymer is employed to be chemically modified onto the surface of glassy carbon electrode via silane chemistry and alkylation and to support Pt nanoparticles. Pt nanoparticles with an average size of ca. 2.28 nm are loaded, and the modified electrode exhibits high activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction with a low overpotential of 56 mV at 10 mA cm–2 versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, which is lower to that of commercial Pt/C, and additionally it shows long-term durability of 4000 cycles. It provides a new strategy for the development of catalytic porous electrodes with supported nanocatalysts.

Phosphine Oxide Porous Organic Polymers Incorporating Cobalt(II) Ions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Investigation of H2 Production

“…Additionally, POPs have been investigated in the domain of heterogeneous catalysis, ,− usually after the incorporation of metal centers. − In particular, porous frameworks containing phosphine groups coordinated to metal ions were successfully applied in catalysis. − Although phosphine oxide functional groups can bind metal ions and promote the interaction with heavy elements, providing anchoring sites for metals in the active sites of catalysts, to date, rarely they are incorporated in POPs. , A high degree of chemical tunability makes POPs potentially adapted to applications in the energy conversion domain, including electrocatalysis for small molecule activation . However, while the electrocatalytic applications of MOFs − and COFs − are extensively explored, the study of POP-based electrocatalysts is only in its infancy. − …”

“…The overpotentials to reach a current density of 1 mA•cm −2 were 0.68 V for Co@P4 Fe , 0.66 V for Co@P1 Fe and Co@P6 Fe , and 0.53 V for Co@P3 Li , relatively high compared to (i) other HER electrocatalysts working at neutral pH 50,61 (ii) related MOF 62,63 and COF 43,61,64 materials (working under kinetically more favorable strongly acidic or basic conditions), and (iii) the only reported noncarbonized POP-based material for electrochemical HER (containing intrinsically highly active Pt nanoparticles). 46 The high HER overpotentials of these cobalt-based materials could be tentatively explained either with the low density of catalytic sites, the low wettability, or the low electrical conductivity of the polymer materials.…”

A Simple and Scalable Approach To Remarkably Boost the Overall Water Splitting Activity of Stainless Steel Electrocatalysts

“…19,20 The utilization of not only noble metal oxides such as IrO 2 and RuO 2 21,22 but also other transition metal compounds as promising OER catalysts 23,24 has shown undoubtedly enhanced performance in the assembly of the overall water splitting devices. 25,26 These electrocatalysts are mostly prepared on 2D planar 27 and 3D substrate structures 28−30 especially glassy carbon 31 and nickel foam/carbon cloth, 32−34 respectively, thereby forming substrate-assisted catalysts. 35,36 However, despite the successful fabrication of these catalysts on 2D and 3D structures, the tendency of the active materials peeling off from the substrates remains an unquestionable challenge, 33,37−39 which should be urgently addressed.…”

“…Highly efficient electrolytic processes such as hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions are in high demand for the production of clean energy such as hydrogen fuel. − Compared to the mature hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the acidic medium, − oxygen evolution reactions (OER) have intrinsic advantages in alkaline media (4OH – → 2H 2 O + O 2 + 4e – ) in terms of easy production of oxygen molecules evolving from the electrocatalysts − and straightforward assembly of the overall alkaline electrolytic device. , However, the sluggishness in the reaction kinetics , usually leads to the unsatisfactory catalytic activity of the electrocatalysts during the overall water splitting process. , The utilization of not only noble metal oxides such as IrO 2 and RuO 2 , but also other transition metal compounds as promising OER catalysts , has shown undoubtedly enhanced performance in the assembly of the overall water splitting devices. , These electrocatalysts are mostly prepared on 2D planar and 3D substrate structures − especially glassy carbon and nickel foam/carbon cloth, − respectively, thereby forming substrate-assisted catalysts. , However, despite the successful fabrication of these catalysts on 2D and 3D structures, the tendency of the active materials peeling off from the substrates remains an unquestionable challenge, ,− which should be urgently addressed.…”

Encapsulation of Metal Clusters within Porous Organic Materials: From Synthesis to Catalysis Applications

“…Following the same routine, we also obtained Pd‐MCs (average size: 0.6±0.2 nm) and Pt‐MCs (average size: 0.5±0.2 nm) by choosing the anionic PdCl 4 2− and PtCl 4 2− ions as metal precursors (Figure 4c,d). In the same year, Zhang and co‐workers engineered an imidazolium‐based ionic POP material (pIM‐2BrB) onto the surface of glassy carbon electrode directly via silane chemistry and alkylation [56] . Due to the cationic imidazolium units, PtCl 6 2− anions could be readily entrapped inside the channel of pIM‐2BrB for subsequent formation of Pt‐MCs (diameter:1.92±0.33 nm).…”