Cover crop and cereal straw management influence the residual nitrogen effect

Fontaine, Doline; Eriksen, Jørgen; Sørensen, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.eja.2020.126100

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The inclusion of a legume within the CC increased the DM of the oats in one of the years compared to the pure RG and WM, but not for the TR. While many other studies have found increased yields with legumes [12,45,62,63], the effectiveness seems to be highly dependent on environmental conditions during the development of the CC and the preceding drainage and leaching period.…”

Section: Dm and Grain Yields Of Main Cropsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Evaluating Different Catch Crop Strategies for Closing the Nitrogen Cycle in Cropping Systems—Field Experiments and Modelling

et al. 2021

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For arable stockless farming systems, the integration of catch crops (CC) during the fallow period might be a key for closing the nitrogen (N) cycle, reducing N leaching and increasing the transfer of N to the subsequent crop. However, despite considerable research efforts, the fate of N in such integrated systems remains unclear. To address this, a two-year field experiment was carried out in northern Germany with different CC, including frost-tolerant and frost-killed CC. The experiment started following a two-year ryegrass/red clover ley, which was subsequently sown with a cereal (CE) or a grain legume (field pea, PE). This provided two contrasting systems with high residual N in autumn. The results showed high N uptake of the CC, ranging from 84 to 136 kg N ha−1 with PE as the pre-crop, and from 33 to 110 kg N ha−1 with CE. All CC reduced N leaching compared with the control, a bare fallow over autumn/winter. Of the various CC, the frost-killed CC showed higher leaching compared with the other CCs, indicating mineralisation of the CC residue in the later autumn/winter period. The process based APSIM (Agricultural Production SIMulator) model was used to simulate N cycling for a cereal grain legume rotation, including a frost-killed and a frost resistant CC. While the model simulated the biomass and the N uptake by the crops, as well as the reduction of N leaching with the use of CC well, it under-estimated N leaching from the frost-killed CC. The study showed that all CC were affective at reducing N leaching, but winter hard catch crops should be preferred, as there is a risk of increased leaching following the mineralisation of residues from frost-killed CC.

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Section: Dm and Grain Yields Of Main Cropsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Evaluating Different Catch Crop Strategies for Closing the Nitrogen Cycle in Cropping Systems—Field Experiments and Modelling

et al. 2021

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“…However, crop residues have relatively high C/N ratio (60-100:1). Therefore, the increase of returned residues may improve nitrogen immobilization, which may in turn require additional nitrogen fertilizer application [50].…”

Section: Organic Carbon and Soil Nutrientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of crop residues on soil health: a review

Chen

Huang

et al. 2021

Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability

103

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“…(1994) found lowest

{NO}_{3}^{-}

content in the 0–2.5 and 2.5–7.5 cm depths in a silt loam soil in Wisconsin following 0% compared with 100% and 200% corn stover retention. However, increasing the amount of returned residue may increase N immobilization, which may require additional N fertilizer application (Fontaine et al., 2020; Power & Doran, 1988).…”

Section: Crop Residue Management Effects On Soil Quality Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The broad impacts of corn stover and wheat straw removal for biofuel production on crop productivity, soil health and greenhouse gas emissions: A review

et al. 2020

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Biofuel production from crop residues is widely recognized as an essential component of developing a bioeconomy, but the removal of crop residues still raises many questions about the sustainability of the cropping system. Therefore, this study reviews the sustainability effects of crop residues removal for biofuel production in terms of crop production, soil health and greenhouse gas emissions. Most studies found little evidence that residue management had long-term impacts on grain yield unless the available water is limited. In years when water was not limiting, corn and wheat removal rates ≥90% produced similar or greater grain yield than no removal in most studies. Conversely, when water was limiting, corn grain yield decreased up to 21% with stover removal ≥90% in some studies. Changes in soil organic fractions and nutrients depended largely on the amount of residue returned, soil depth and texture, slope and tillage. Reductions in organic fractions occurred primarily with complete stover removal, in the top 15-30 cm in fine-textured soils. Soil erosion, water runoff and leaching of nutrients such as total nitrogen (N) and extractable soil potassium decreased when no more than 30% of crop residues were removed. Stover management effects on soil bulk density varied considerably depending on soil layer, and residue and tillage management, with removal rates of less than 50% helping to maintain the soil aggregate stability. Reductions in CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes typically occurred following complete residue removal. The use of wheat straw typically increased CH 4 emissions, and above or equal to 8 Mg/ha wheat straw led to the largest CO 2 and N 2 O emissions, regardless of N rates. Before using crop residues for biofuel production, it should therefore always be checked whether neutral to positive sustainability effects can be maintained under the site-specific conditions.

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Cover crop and cereal straw management influence the residual nitrogen effect

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Evaluating Different Catch Crop Strategies for Closing the Nitrogen Cycle in Cropping Systems—Field Experiments and Modelling

Evaluating Different Catch Crop Strategies for Closing the Nitrogen Cycle in Cropping Systems—Field Experiments and Modelling

Impacts of crop residues on soil health: a review

The broad impacts of corn stover and wheat straw removal for biofuel production on crop productivity, soil health and greenhouse gas emissions: A review

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