Cover crop effect on soil carbon fractions under conservation tillage cotton

Sainju, Upendra M.; Schomberg, Harry H.; Singh, Bharat; Whitehead, Wayne F.; Tillman, P. Glynn; Weyers, Sharon L.

doi:10.1016/j.still.2007.06.006

Cited by 87 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…biomass C, determined by the fumigation-incubation method, more than leguminous species due to greater biomass and higher C content (Sainju et al 2007). In accordance with the view above, increased microbial activity after 6 y of rye cover cropping at the Ibaraki field, was mainly caused by the incorporation of a large amount of plant residues.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Effects of tillage and winter cover cropping on microbial substrate-induced respiration and soil aggregation in two Japanese fields

Nakamoto

Komatsuzaki

Hirata

et al. 2012

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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We hypothesized that cover cropping could increase soil microbial activities under various tillage systems and that increased microbial activities would improve soil properties. Soil sampling was conducted at two fields in Japan in 2009. At the Ibaraki field (Andosol, clay loam), three tillage practices (no-tillage, plowing to 30 cm, and rotary tillage to 15 cm) and three types of winter cover cropping [bare fallow as control, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and rye (Secale cereale L.)] were conducted from 2003 to 2009. At the Hokkaido field (Fluvisol, light clay), two tillage practices (autumn tillage and rotary tillage with a rotary tiller to a depth of 15 cm once in autumn and twice in a year, respectively), and four types of winter cover cropping (bare fallow, hairy vetch, bristle oat (Avena strigosa L.), and a mixture of hairy vetch and bristle oat) were conducted from 2006 to 2009. Soil microbial activities and the fungal-to-bacterial activity ratio (F/B ratio) were estimated by the substrate-induced respiration (SIR) method with the use of selective antibiotics. At the Ibaraki field, rye cover cropping showed higher microbial SIR than bare fallow at depths of 0-30 cm and rotary tillage maintained higher microbial SIR than no-tillage or plowing at depths of 7.5-15 cm. There was no meaningful interaction effect between cover cropping and tillage on microbial SIR. At the Hokkaido field, cover cropping and tillage had only limited effects on microbial SIR. High F/B ratios (indicating fungal dominance) were recorded with the use of cover crops in both fields. Fungal SIR, estimated from the microbial SIR and F/B ratio, was closely related to the content of total soil organic carbon (SOC) and the mean weight diameter (MWD) of water-stable aggregates. Based on SOC, fungal SIR was significantly higher under rye cover cropping. The relationship between fungal SIR and MWD was affected by tillage. We conclude that rye cover cropping and rotary tillage were very effective in increasing fungal SIR, SOC, and MWD in the Ibaraki soil. Field practices that enhance fungal activities might be effective in improving certain types of arable soil.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…It is widely recognized that winter cover crops increase soil microbial biomass carbon (C) (Miller and Dick 1995;Sainju et al 2007). The level of microbial biomass C depends on the C input and the C/nitrogen (N) ratio of cover crop residues, and can reflect changes in soil quality and nutrient dynamics more accurately than SOC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tillage and winter cover cropping on microbial substrate-induced respiration and soil aggregation in two Japanese fields

Nakamoto

Komatsuzaki

Hirata

et al. 2012

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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“…Segundo Carvalho (1997), a fração colmo pode constituir uma limitação física à ingestão de matéria seca, pois, dos componentes da forragem, a fração folha é a que apresenta melhor qualidade e, de acordo com Forbes & Hodgson (1985), pode representar mais de 80% da dieta dos bovinos. Todavia, os colmos são de grande valor para a cobertura do solo nos sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária, já que resíduos vegetais, com alta relação C/N e elevado teor de lignina, apresentam menores taxas de decomposição (Sainju et al, 2007 O comportamento entre as cultivares variou entre os anos avaliados, o que dificultou a identificação dos genótipos com maior teor de proteína bruta. A causa provável foi a baixa variação genética entre as cultivares, todas da mesma espécie.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Desempenho agronômico de genótipos de capim-braquiária em sucessão à soja

Machado

Valle

2011

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico de genótipos de capim-braquiária [Urochloa brizantha (Syn. Brachiaria brizantha)] em sucessão à soja, para uso em sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária. Os genótipos Marandu, MG 4, Xaraés, Piatã, Arapoty e B 6, foram avaliados na safrinha, durante a estação seca, e a soja na safra de verão, em esquema de sucessão, de 2007 a 2010. Em cada ano, as forrageiras foram semeadas em março, avaliadas em cortes sucessivos até o final de setembro e dessecadas em outubro para a realização do plantio direto da soja em novembro. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Xaraés e B 6 estiveram entre os genótipos com maior produção de forragem. A cultivar Xaraés apresentou menores teores de proteína bruta, digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica, cálcio e fósforo, embora esses teores possam ser considerados bons para o gênero, uma vez que o solo de cultivo apresentava boa fertilidade. Há variação entre os genótipos de U. brizantha quanto ao desempenho na safrinha. A cultivar Xaraés e o genótipo B 6 destacam-se para compor sistemas de produção integrados com lavoura. Os genótipos MG 4 e B6 são facilmente dessecados com o herbicida glifosato. A produtividade de grãos de soja não é significativamente afetada pelo cultivo em sucessão aos genótipos de U. brizantha.Termos para indexação: Brachiaria brizantha, Urochloa brizantha, Glycine max, forrageira, integração lavourapecuária, safrinha. Agronomic performance of palisade grass genotypes in succession to soybeanAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of palisade grass genotypes [Urochloa brizantha (Syn. Brachiaria brizantha)] in succession to soybean, for use on crop-livestock integration systems. The Marandu, MG 4, Xaraés, Piatã, Arapoty e B 6 genotypes were evaluated as a second crop, during the dry season, and soybean, in the summer crop, in a succession scheme, from 2007 to 2010. In each year, forages were sown in March and evaluated at successive cuts until late September, then desiccated in October to allow for no-tillage soybean seeding in november. A randomized complete block design with four replicates was used. Xaraés and B 6 genotypes were among those with higher forage production. The Xaraés cultivar showed lower contents of crude protein, in vitro digestibility of organic matter, calcium, and phosphorus, which, however, can be considered good for this genus, since it was grown in fertile soil. There is variation among U. brizantha genotypes as to their performance in the second crop. The Xaraés and B 6 genotypes show better performance in succession to soybean, in integrated production systems. The MG 4 and B 6 genotypes are easily desiccated with glyphosate herbicide. Soybean yield is not significantly affected by the cultivation in succession to the U. brizantha genotypes.

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“…Some authors have found a linear relationship between the amount of carbon sequestered in the soil and carbon input as biomass or residues of different plants (Rasmussen and Parton 1994;Sainju et al 2007). Apparently, there is not information about the carbon input as biomass in metal-polluted sites, hence total carbon content in shoots of castor bean plants was quantified.…”

Section: Oil Fatty Acids (Fas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crude oil and bioproducts of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) plants established naturally on metal mine tailings

González-Chávez

Olivares

Carrillo-González

et al. 2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Previous research suggested that Ricinus communis may be used for soil remediation and oil production. However, the quality of the oil and bioproducts under polluted conditions need to be tested to be assured of their potential use in biofuel production with environmentally friendly bioproducts (cake, seed coats and biomass). Oil characteristics and metal concentrations in oil, cake (deoiled seeds) and seed coats, as well as the shoot carbon content were analyzed. The oil contents of palmitic and oleic acids from plants growing in polluted mine tailings were comparable to those for plants grown under nonpolluted conditions. Linoleic acid content was significantly higher in oil of plants from mine tailings, which enriches the fuel properties. Cadmium and lead were mainly concentrated in the seed coat, whereas copper in the cake. Castor bean oil had low concentrations of cadmium, lead, zinc, nickel, manganese and copper-free. Cake and seed coats can be useful for soil fertilization applications since the metal concentrations are below safety regulations. The biomass carbon was around 43 %, which suggests it may be used for biogas production. These properties make castor bean valuable for its oil and bioproducts even when growing at metal-polluted sites. However, agronomic optimization is needed in order to produce higher plant productivity.

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Cover crop effect on soil carbon fractions under conservation tillage cotton

Cited by 87 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of tillage and winter cover cropping on microbial substrate-induced respiration and soil aggregation in two Japanese fields

Effects of tillage and winter cover cropping on microbial substrate-induced respiration and soil aggregation in two Japanese fields

Desempenho agronômico de genótipos de capim-braquiária em sucessão à soja

Crude oil and bioproducts of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) plants established naturally on metal mine tailings

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