Cover crop residue influence on soil <scp>N<sub>2</sub>O</scp> and <scp>CO<sub>2</sub></scp> emissions under wetting‐drying intensities: An incubation study

Panday, Dinesh; Saha, Debasish; Lee, Jae‐Hoon; Jagadamma, Sindhu; Adotey, Nutifafa; Mengistu, Alemu

doi:10.1111/ejss.13309

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…In residue amended soils, peak N 2 O emissions were approximately three-fold higher than those without residue, evidencing that the exogenous addition of labile C triggered N 2 O emissions. As previously documented, these results confirm that C limitation to microbes is a crucial driver for heterotrophic denitrification 56 , 57 , particularly under water-induced anoxia and high soil levels, and that cover crop residues can overcome such limitation to add to the risks of enhanced N 2 O emissions 12 , 58 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Cover crop residue decomposition triggered soil oxygen depletion and promoted nitrous oxide emissions

Lussich,

Dhaliwal,

Faiia

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Cover cropping is a promising strategy to improve soil health, but it may also trigger greenhouse gas emissions, especially nitrous oxide (N2O). Beyond nitrogen (N) availability, cover crop residue decomposition may accelerate heterotrophic respiration to limit soil O2 availability, hence promote N2O emissions from denitrification under sub-optimal water-filled pore space (WFPS) conditions that are typically not conducive to large N2O production. We conducted a 21-day incubation experiment to examine the effects of contrasting cover crop residue (grass vs legume) decomposition on soil O2 and biogeochemical changes to influence N2O and CO2 emissions from 15N labeled fertilized soils under 50% and 80% WFPS levels. Irrespective of cover crop type, mixing cover crop residue with N fertilizer resulted in high cumulative N2O emissions under both WFPS conditions. In the absence of cover crop residues, the N fertilizer effect of N2O was only realized under 80% WFPS, whereas it was comparable to the control under 50% WFPS. The N2O peaks under 50% WFPS coincided with soil O2 depletion and concomitant high CO2 emissions when cover crop residues were mixed with N fertilizer. While N fertilizer largely contributed to the total N2O emissions from the cover crop treatments, soil organic matter and/or cover crop residue derived N2O had a greater contribution under 50% than 80% WFPS. Our results underscore the importance of N2O emissions from cover crop-based fertilized systems under relatively lower WFPS via a mechanism of respiration-induced anoxia and highlight potential risks of underestimating N2O emissions under sole reliance on WFPS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Cover crop residue decomposition triggered soil oxygen depletion and promoted nitrous oxide emissions

Lussich,

Dhaliwal,

Faiia

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…Denitrification and N 2 O emissions are influenced by various factors, such as soil moisture, temperature, microbial activity, aeration, and organic matter content [41,42]. Recent findings suggest increased risks of N 2 O emissions with intensified drying and wetting conditions due to climate-induced soil moisture variability [43]. Nitrous oxide is primarily produced during the microbial process of denitrification, in which NO 3 -N is converted to nitrogen (N 2 ).…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen dynamics as a function of soil types, compaction, and moisture

Das,

Mohapatra,

Sahu

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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In this study, the complex interactions between soil types, compaction, and moisture on nitrogen (N) transformation processes such as ammonia (NH3) volatilization, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification were examined over a 30-day period using a simulated column approach. Two soil types: loam, and sandy loam, were subjected to three compaction treatments—control, surface, and sub-surface compaction—and two moisture regimes, dry and wet. Liquid urea ammonium nitrate (32-0-0) was used as the N fertilizer source at a rate of 200 kg N ha-1. Key indicators of N transformations were measured, including residual concentrations of ammonium (NH4-N) and nitrate (NO3-N), NO3-N leaching, NH3 volatilization, and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Findings revealed that compaction significantly increased residual NH4-N concentrations in deeper soil profiles, with the highest 190.80 mg kg-1 recorded in loam soil under sub-surface compaction and dry conditions. Nitrification rates decreased across both soil types due to compaction, evidenced by elevated residual NH4-N levels. Increased NO3-N leaching was observed in loam soil (178.06 mg L-1), greater than sandy loam (81.11 mg L-1), due to initial higher residual NO3- in loam soil. The interaction of compaction and moisture most affected N2O emissions, with the highest emissions in control treatments during dry weather at 2.88 kg ha -1. Additionally, higher NH3 volatilization was noted in moist sandy loam soil under control conditions at 19.64 kg ha -1. These results highlight the necessity of considering soil texture, moisture, and compaction in implementing sustainable N management strategies in agriculture and suggest recommendations such as avoiding broadcast application in moist sandy loam and loam soil to mitigate NH3 volatilization and enhance N use efficiency, as well as advocating for readjustment of fertilizer rate based on organic matter content to reduce potential NO3-N leaching and N2O emissions, particularly in loam soil.

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Long‐term tillage and cover cropping differentially influenced soil nitrous oxide emissions from cotton cropping system

Dhaliwal,

Lussich,

Jagadamma

et al. 2024

Agronomy Journal

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Climate‐smart agricultural practices, such as no‐tillage (NT) and cover cropping, have been widely adopted and are anticipated to yield multiple benefits, including soil carbon sequestration, enhancing soil health, and crop yield stability. However, their influence on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions varies, with the potential of both increasing and decreasing N2O emissions. Increasing N2O emissions under these practices may potentially offset the climate mitigation benefits from increased soil carbon sequestration. We investigated N2O emissions in response to 42 years of long‐term adoption of NT and legume cover crop, under nitrogen (N) rates of 0 and 67 kg N ha−1, in a continuous cotton system in the Southeastern United States. Intensive manual chamber‐based measurements were conducted over two growing seasons (2021–2022 and 2022–2023). Long‐term NT did not significantly affect cumulative N2O emissions during the study period (p > 0.05). Hairy vetch cover crop‐grown plots emitted two to three times more N2O than those without cover crops in 2021–2022, with no significant effect observed in 2022–2023. Cumulative emissions in cover crop plots were greater compared to those in no cover crop plots when fertilized with 67 kg N ha−1 in 2021–2022; however, this trend did not persist in 2022–2023. While interannual variability exists, our results generally suggest that long‐term NT may not increase N2O emissions, hence its adoption could enhance its broader soil health and climate benefits via soil carbon sequestration, whereas managing legume cover crop residues in N‐fertilized systems is critical to mitigate N2O emissions.

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Cover crop residue influence on soil N₂O and CO₂ emissions under wetting‐drying intensities: An incubation study

Cited by 8 publications

References 76 publications

Cover crop residue decomposition triggered soil oxygen depletion and promoted nitrous oxide emissions

Cover crop residue decomposition triggered soil oxygen depletion and promoted nitrous oxide emissions

Nitrogen dynamics as a function of soil types, compaction, and moisture

Long‐term tillage and cover cropping differentially influenced soil nitrous oxide emissions from cotton cropping system

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Cover crop residue influence on soil N2O and CO2 emissions under wetting‐drying intensities: An incubation study

Cited by 8 publications

References 76 publications

Cover crop residue decomposition triggered soil oxygen depletion and promoted nitrous oxide emissions

Cover crop residue decomposition triggered soil oxygen depletion and promoted nitrous oxide emissions

Nitrogen dynamics as a function of soil types, compaction, and moisture

Long‐term tillage and cover cropping differentially influenced soil nitrous oxide emissions from cotton cropping system

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Product

Resources

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Cover crop residue influence on soil N₂O and CO₂ emissions under wetting‐drying intensities: An incubation study