“…LA is an indicator of metabolic disorder status under anaerobic conditions and provides useful information on various diseases or symptoms, such as tissue hypoxia, sepsis, acute heart disease, and metabolic acidosis, as well as exercise training status. [17,18] In addition, as the LA concentration in blood is reflected in the LA concentration of sweat, LA can be profiled indirectly through a non-invasive method. [19] Therefore, various types of organic chemical sensors, which can detect LA concentrations, have been developed such as electrochemical, [20] optical, [21] impedance, [22] capacitive, [23] and transistor-structured applications.…”