“…In this challenging scenario, the Gram-negative endophytic bacterium Frateuria defendens (formerly referred to Dyella-like bacterium), isolated from the guts of H. obsoletus, was successfully introduced systemically into several plant genera (Cucumis, Gossypium, Capsicum, Nicotiana, Catharanthus, Vitex, and Sesamum), showing a significant reduction of phytoplasma titer and symptom intensity in plant (Naor et al, 2011;Iasur-Kruh et al, 2017;Lidor et al, 2018;Naama-Amar et al, 2020). Since phytoplasma cannot be grown in axenic culture, efficacy of F. defendens was firstly tested in periwinkles artificially infected by different phytoplasmas that cause disease in multiple host plants (Hodgetts et al, 2013).…”