“…Since it was introduced 30 years ago, the Sonogashira palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction has emerged as one of the most straightforward and powerful methods for the preparation of conjugated alkynes . The numerous modifications of the original protocol and the improvement of many aspects of the sp-sp 2 carbon bond formation have led to the wide applicability of this reaction in the synthesis of a variety of compounds,2a including different heterocycles, and have made it a useful method for the synthesis of building blocks employed in the preparation of shape-persistent macrocycles, molecular electronic devices, dendrimers, etc.…”