Coverage of Japanese encephalitis routine vaccination among children in central India

Tandale, Babasaheb V.; Deshmukh, Pravin S.; Narang, Rahul; Qazi, Mohiuddin S.; Padmaja, Goteti V.; Deshmukh, Pradeep R.; Raut, Abhishek V.; Narlawar, Uday W.; Jha, Punam Kumari; Rajderkar, Shekhar S.; ,

doi:10.1002/jmv.28155

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The screening method also provided lower effectiveness of 89.5% (CI: 78.9-94.7) using the population vaccination coverage of 90% reported in the area. 16 The vaccine effectiveness reported in our study is lower than in Nepal, which reported the effectiveness of single-dose to be 99.3% 20 and 98.5%. 21 Reports from the 1:4 case-control study are similar to earlier reports in India 7 and among 1-5 years children in Viet Nam.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…The per‐protocol JE vaccination effectiveness of 86.7% (CI: 30.8, 94.7) among 31 cases and their controls was high. The screening method also provided lower effectiveness of 89.5% (CI: 78.9–94.7) using the population vaccination coverage of 90% reported in the area 16 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The matched case-control analysis (Table 3) of 31 Additionally, we considered a screening method for the estimation of JE vaccination effectiveness considering 90% of JE vaccination in the population reported from these areas separately. 16 This yielded the unadjusted overall JE vaccine effectiveness of 89.5%…”

Section: Vaccination Effectiveness Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of Japanese encephalitis vaccination among children in central India

Tandale,

Khude,

Deshmukh

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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Japanese encephalitis (JE) disease among children continues in central India despite vaccination implemented in the routine immunization program. Therefore, we planned to estimate the JE vaccination effectiveness among children by undertaking a 1:2 individually‐matched population‐based case‐control study from August 2018 to October 2020. The laboratory‐confirmed JE cases aged 1–15 years were enrolled along with neighborhood controls without fever and encephalitis matched on the residence area, age and sex. The JE vaccination history was enquired from parents and verified independently from the vaccination cards available at home and records at health facilities. We enrolled 35 JE cases and 70 matched controls. The vaccination effectiveness of 86.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.8–94.7) was estimated on the per‐protocol analysis of 31 case‐control sets. The screening method provided an effectiveness of 89.5% (CI: 78.9–94.7) on using the population vaccination coverage of 90% reported earlier in the same area. In conclusion, JE vaccination offered a moderate level of protection among children in JE medium‐endemic central India, similar to reports from high‐endemic areas in India. The operational aspects of vaccination program implementation need to be evaluated to assess the impact of vaccination on the disease burden of JE in medium‐endemic regions of India.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Effectiveness of Japanese encephalitis vaccination among children in central India

Tandale,

Khude,

Deshmukh

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…The JE vaccine is the only effective preventive method available, as specific antiviral treatment does not exist and cases are mostly managed symptomatically. Good coverage of JE vaccination was reported earlier 13 in Maharashtra (94.8%) and Telangana (92.8%), with a reasonable level of protection among children. 14 In Tamil Nadu, JE cases were reduced in vaccinated districts, while cases were higher in nonvaccinated districts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Epidemiology of Japanese Encephalitis in Central India after Implementing Immunization

Tandale,

Khude,

Deshmukh

et al. 2024

J Pediatr Infect Dis

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Objective We report the epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis (JE) disease after the implementation of routine immunization in medium-endemic districts in the states of Maharashtra and Telangana in Central India. Methods We investigated acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) patients hospitalized from October 2018 to September 2020. Field visits were also made to the residences of 262 AES cases, including 54 JE cases. Results The overall case fatality ratio was 31%. Maharashtra state contributed 72% of JE and 67% of AES cases. The rural localities had a significantly higher number of JE cases than the urban areas. The occurrence of JE was reported year round, with most JE cases reported during the rainy season. Both AES and JE cases were reported mostly among children, with JE in 66% and non-JE AES in 70% of children. Conclusion The JE disease continues to affect the population after routine immunization. Surveillance, prevention, and control need to be enhanced to achieve accelerated control.

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Coverage of Second Dose of Measles-Containing Vaccine (MCV-2) and Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine (JE-2) and Its Predictors Among Children 2–5 Years Old in the Ormanjhi Block of Ranchi, Jharkhand, India: A Mixed Method Study

Mukul,

Singh,

Sagar

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Introduction Administering the measles vaccine at an appropriate age and dosage in children is important for India to eliminate measles, a potentially deadly vaccine-preventable disease. Similarly, the Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine, particularly in endemic regions is important to prevent morbidity and high-case fatality from the disease. The study attempts to evaluate the coverage of measles and JE vaccines and their predictors. Materials and methods A mixed method study design, incorporating a three-stage cluster random sampling process was used in the cross-sectional survey conducted among 604 children aged 2-5 years in the Ormanjhi block of Ranchi, Jharkhand, from April 2023 to June 2024. The parents/caregivers of the eligible children were interviewed using a predesigned, pretested semi-structured questionnaire, and the immunization status of children was taken from vaccination cards. A focused group discussion (FGD) and an in-depth interview (IDI) with healthcare providers formed the qualitative component. We conducted descriptive, and logistic regression analysis using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26 (Released 2019; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). The association between the coverage of the vaccine and sociodemographic variables was done using the Chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to study the predictors, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results In the household survey, the coverage of the measles-containing vaccine first dose (MCV-1) was 594 (98.3%), while the second dose (MCV-2) was 536 (88.7%) out of 604 participants. For the JE vaccine, the coverage of the first dose (JE-1) was 588 (97.4%), while the second dose (JE-2) coverage was 492 (81.5%). In the multivariate logistic regression, religion and the lack of parental knowledge about measles were significant predictors for lower MCV-2 uptake, while the for JE vaccine, religion, father's education, and household head's occupation remained statistically significant factors (p ≤ 0.05). Vaccine hesitancy had mixed perceptions with the child’s unavailability being the most significant reason for hesitancy in both MCV and JE vaccinations. In the FGD, child’s unavailability at times of vaccination and parent’s fear of side effects post vaccination were major factors for missing doses of the vaccine. Conclusion While the initial coverage of MCV and JE vaccines is commendable, the substantial drop in the second dose coverage and the delays in administration present significant challenges.

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Coverage of Japanese encephalitis routine vaccination among children in central India

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Effectiveness of Japanese encephalitis vaccination among children in central India

Effectiveness of Japanese encephalitis vaccination among children in central India

Epidemiology of Japanese Encephalitis in Central India after Implementing Immunization

Coverage of Second Dose of Measles-Containing Vaccine (MCV-2) and Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine (JE-2) and Its Predictors Among Children 2–5 Years Old in the Ormanjhi Block of Ranchi, Jharkhand, India: A Mixed Method Study

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