Covert and overt orienting of attention to emotional faces in anxiety

Bradley, Brendan P.; Mogg, Karin; Millar, Neil

doi:10.1080/02699930050156636

Cited by 340 publications

(297 citation statements)

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“…To our knowledge, this topic has not been investigated before, and findings emerging from this study thus provide novel information about processing underlying involuntary orienting towards cues of social threat and/or disapproval elicited by angry faces in healthy participants. Consistent with previous research using a rapid presentation time (100 ms) and short SOAs, response time was facilitated for validly cued probes following angry faces compared with happy faces (Bradley et al, 2000; Cooper & Langton, 2004;Mogg et al, 2004). An opposite pattern was found for happy faces such that response times were faster for invalidly cued happy faces or, alternatively, validly cued neutral faces.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Others have noted that threat-value, in combination with one's state anxiety level, influence attentional bias. Specifically, higher rated threat relevance and higher anxiety have been associated with greater attentional bias towards negative stimuli (Bradley, Mogg, & Millar, 2000;Georgiou, Bleakley, Hayward, Russo, Dutton, Eltiti, & Fox, 2005; but see also Frewen, Dozois, Joanisse, & Neufeld, in press). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrophysiological correlates of spatial orienting towards angry faces: A source localization study

et al. 2008

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The goal of this study was to examine behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of involuntary orienting toward rapidly presented angry faces in non-anxious, healthy adults using a dot-probe task in conjunction with high-density event-related potentials and a distributed source localization technique. Consistent with previous studies, participants showed hypervigilance toward angry faces, as indexed by facilitated response time for validly cued probes following angry faces and an enhanced P1 component. An opposite pattern was found for happy faces suggesting that attention was directed toward the relatively more threatening stimuli within the visual field (neutral faces). Source localization of the P1 effect for angry faces indicated increased activity within the anterior cingulate cortex, possibly reflecting conflict experienced during invalidly cued trials. No modulation of the early C1 component was found for affect or spatial attention. Furthermore, the face-sensitive N170 was not modulated by emotional expression. Results suggest that the earliest modulation of spatial attention by face stimuli is manifested in the P1 component, and provide insights about mechanisms underlying attentional orienting toward cues of threat and social disapproval. Keywords spatial attention; anger; face perception; event-related potentials; source localization Electrophysiological correlates of spatial orienting towards angry faces: A source localization studyPerception of the human face, as well as the social cues derived from it, is central to social interaction and in the communication of threat (Argyle, 1983), and occurs rapidly, within 100 ms of presentation (e.g., Liu, Harris, & Kanwisher, 2002). For healthy individuals, visual scanpaths of the human face are directed to salient features that define facial emotional expressions such as the mouth and eyes (Walker-Smith, Gale & Findlay, 1977;Mertens, Please address all correspondence to: Diego A. Pizzagalli, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 1220 William James Hall, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Phone: +1-617-496-8896, Fax: +1-617-495-3728, Email: dap@wjh.harvard.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.Disclosures Dr. Pizzagalli has received research support from GlaxoSmithKline and Merck & Co., Inc. for projects unrelated to the present study. Dr. Hofmann is a paid consultant by Organon for issues and projects unrelated to this study. Drs. Santesso and Meuret as well as Mr. Mueller, Ratner, and Roesch report no competing interests. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptNeurops...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological correlates of spatial orienting towards angry faces: A source localization study

et al. 2008

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“…In these papers it is assumed that the probe's appearance at 500ms is a measure of the initial allocation of attention to the stimuli. This assumption is supported by evidence showing that the location of the first shift of attention, as assessed by manual key-press responses in the dot-probe task, is the same location as the initial eye movement made to the stimuli (Bradley, Mogg, & Millar, 2000). In line with this evidence most researchers probe for initial allocation of attention at 500ms (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…the shift of attention that precedes eye movements but can move independently of it) (Posner & Peterson, 1990). Indeed, measuring the initial allocation of covert attention may be crucial in the dot-probe task as Bradley et al (2000) reported that the attentional bias shown with RT data was not dependent on overt orienting: more than half of their participants made eye movements on less than 10% of all trials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional bias to angry faces using the dot-probe task? It depends when you look for it

Cooper

Langton

2006

Behaviour Research and Therapy

192

166

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A number of studies using the dot-probe task now report the existence of attentional biases to angry faces in participants who rate highly on scales of anxiety; however, no equivalent bias has been observed in non-anxious populations, despite evidence to the contrary from studies using other tasks. One reason for this discrepancy may be that researchers using the dot-probe task have rarely investigated any effects which might emerge earlier than 500 ms following presentation of the threat-related faces.Accordingly, in the current study we presented pairs of face stimuli with emotional and neutral expressions and probed the allocation of attention to these stimuli for presentation times of 100ms and 500ms. Results showed that at 100ms there was an attentional bias towards the location of the relatively threatening stimulus (the angry face in angry/neutral pairs and the neutral face in neutral/happy pairs) and this pattern reversed by 500ms. Comparisons of RT scores with an appropriate baseline suggested that the early bias toward threatening faces may actually arise through inhibition of the relatively least threatening member of a face pair rather than through facilitation of, or vigilance towards, the more threatening stimulus. However the mechanisms governing the observed biases are interpreted, these data provide evidence that probing for the location of spatial attention at 500ms is not necessarily indicative of the initial allocation of attention between competing emotional facial stimuli.

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“…Por fim, excluiu-se respostas com dois desvios padrões acima e abaixo da média do tempo de reação do próprio sujeito, uma vez que isso denota uma resposta atípica. Calculou-se viés a partir da subtração da média do tempo de reação de cada sujeito para as imagens controle e alvo (Bradley, Mogg, & Millar, 2000). Realizou-se análises descritivas e caracterização da amostra, seguidas de análises inferenciais para verificar as relações entre as variáveis estudadas, tais como teste t para comparação entre médias de dois grupos, isto é, ansiedade alta e baixa, e também para se avaliar se a média geral era diferente de zero, ou seja, ausência de viés.…”

Section: Análise Dos Dadosunclassified

Avaliação da ansiedade e do viés de atenção no canal visual para estímulos emocionais em uma amostra não clínica

Melo¹,

Oliveira

Peixoto³

et al. 2012

Estud. psicol. (Natal)

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ResumoA ansiedade vem sendo estudada como fator capaz de influenciar a atenção visual seletiva em experimentos como a Visual Probe Detection Task (VPDT). Este estudo objetivou comparar o viés de atenção para imagens emocionais em pessoas com diferentes níveis de ansiedade de traço e estado usando a VPDT. Oitenta e dois estudantes universitários responderam ao IDATE. Na VPDT, utilizaram-se 12 pares de imagens com alto nível de ativação e valência negativa, pareadas com imagens controles neutras, do International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Os estímulos eram apresentados durante 200 m. O viés de atenção não foi diferente entre os participantes com baixos e altos níveis de ansiedade de traço e estado. Tais resultados indicaram que elas não são importantes para o viés de atenção para estímulos negativos com altos níveis de ativação. Além disso, é possível que o viés de atenção para estímulos ansiogênicos seja observado apenas em populações clínicas.Palavras-chave: ansiedade; Visual Probe Detection Task; atenção seletiva. AbstractAssessment of anxiety and attentional bias in the visual channel toward emotional stimuli in a non-clinical sample. Anxiety has been observed as a factor capable to influence the visual selective attention in experiments such as the Visual Probe Detection Task (VPDT). This study aimed to compare the attentional bias to emotional images in people with different levels of trait and state anxiety using a VPDT. Eighty-two undergraduate students performed VPDT and answered the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory. In VPDT, 12 pairs of images from International Affective Picture System (emotional image with high arousal level and negative valence/ and one control, neutral) were presented during 200 m. There was no attentional bias difference between the participants neither with low nor high levels of trait or state of anxiety. These results indicated that trait or state anxiety might not be important to attentional bias to negative and arousing visual stimuli. It is possible that just clinical populations with anxiety disorders often show attentional bias to anxiogenic stimuli.

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Covert and overt orienting of attention to emotional faces in anxiety

Cited by 340 publications

References 39 publications

Electrophysiological correlates of spatial orienting towards angry faces: A source localization study

Electrophysiological correlates of spatial orienting towards angry faces: A source localization study

Attentional bias to angry faces using the dot-probe task? It depends when you look for it

Avaliação da ansiedade e do viés de atenção no canal visual para estímulos emocionais em uma amostra não clínica

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