Covid-19

Abstract

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen responsible for an acute respiratory disease designated COIVD-19, which has spread throughout the world. Despite all the struggles with this virus, still, the majority of societies are affected by COVID-19, which raises many questions such as are these ways of management enough, which is crucial in order to contain the virus spread, and which is not effective. In this systemic review, we tried to summarize the data on different ways of managing COVID-19 outbreaks. Through understanding the efficacy and downsides of different approaches to manage COVID-19, public health officials, governing bodies, and health care administrators may be better equipped with the tools necessary to best manage COVID-19 and pandemics. Methods: This systematic review was carried out by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Articles were selected using several databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, all peer-reviewed and published articles from December 1, 2019 to April 23, 2020 that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Results: The majority of the included articles were mathematical modeling, cohort studies ( n = 9), cross-sectional ( n = 6), and one case series. Most articles originated from China and then Singapore. The measures that have been practiced in these articles consisted of close contact tracing and case isolation, quarantine, strict surveillance, lockdown, and travel surveillance. Conclusions: The most effective approach is at least the combination of case detection and isolation, and contact tracing or containment measures. In the literature, travel controls seem to be ineffective, personal hygiene should be tough and emphasized.

The effects of public health and social measures (PHSM) implemented during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An overview of systematic reviews

“…Evidence for multicomponent PHSM in schools was mixed; while most studies suggested PHSM may decrease the number or proportion of cases, some showed mixed or no effects (one high‐confidence review, GRADE applied) [60]. Multicomponent PHSM may reduce the risk, incidence, and transmission rates, case growth rate, reproduction number, and mortality related to COVID‐19 (13 critically low‐confidence reviews) [15, 35, 37, 41, 43–45, 54, 63, 70, 74–76]. Multicomponent PHSM may also be associated with a reduction in admissions to intensive care units for people with COVID‐19 (one critically low‐confidence review) [54].…”

“…Multicomponent PHSM may reduce the risk, incidence, and transmission rates, case growth rate, reproduction number, and mortality related to COVID‐19 (13 critically low‐confidence reviews) [15, 35, 37, 41, 43–45, 54, 63, 70, 74–76].…”

SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Detection Tests: test performance during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of COVID-19 vaccination

“…[4][5][6][7][8] In the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in particular, an important pandemic management strategy, alongside the development of therapies and vaccines and the establishment of public measures such as contact restrictions, was the timely, rapid and reliable diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 as the central key to breaking chains of infection. [9][10][11][12] As a well-established, very precise method, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has been the gold standard for diagnostics since the beginning of the pandemic. [9] For a more rapid, cost-effective and point-of-care diagnostics, SARS-CoV-2 rapid tests (RDT) were made available as lateral flow immunoassays just a few months after the beginning of the pandemic, with cost-effective point-of-care application without infrastructural requirements and rapid results.…”

COVID-19 vaccination in the mass vaccination center: clinical practice and effectiveness analysis

“…2023.1072883 Frontiers in Public Health 02 frontiersin.org masks (4,5). Many countries have strengthened border control and actively monitored to detect and isolate imported cases quickly (6).…”