COVID-19: A Review of Emerging Preventative Vaccines and Treatment Strategies

Khan, Kiran Shafiq; Dimtri, Francis; Vargas, Carlos; Surani, Salim

doi:10.7759/cureus.8206

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Modified nucleosides are very necessary for mRNA vaccines, which could enhance its stability and reduce adverse immunogenicity [ 96 , 147 , 152 ]. For example, m 1 Ψ modifications are incorporated into the mRNAs of BNT162 and mRNA-1273 vaccines [ 158 , 159 ], which can dampen innate immune sensing and increase mRNA translation in vivo [ 64 , 72 , 163 ]. The results of clinical phase III studies showed that both BNT162 and mRNA-1273 have high efficiency (>90%), revealing that the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines hold great promise.…”

Section: Therapeutic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic modified messenger RNA for therapeutic applications

et al. 2021

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Synthetic modified messenger RNA (mRNA) has manifested great potentials for therapeutic applications such as vaccines and gene therapies, with the recent mRNA vaccines for global pandemic COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019) attracting the tremendous attention. The chemical modifications and delivery vehicles of synthetic mRNAs are the two key factors for their in vivo therapeutic applications. Chemical modifications like nucleoside methylation endow the synthetic mRNAs with high stability and reduced stimulation of innate immunity. The development of scalable production of synthetic mRNA and efficient mRNA formulation and delivery strategies in recent years have remarkably advanced the field. It is worth noticing that we had limited knowledge on the roles of mRNA modifications in the past. However, the last decade has witnessed not only new discoveries of several naturally occurring mRNA modifications but also substantial advances in understanding their roles on regulating gene expression. It is highly necessary to reconsider the therapeutic system made by synthetic modified mRNAs and delivery vectors. In this review, we will mainly discuss the roles of various chemical modifications on synthetic mRNAs, briefly summarize the progresses of mRNA delivery strategies, and highlight some latest mRNA therapeutics applications including infectious disease vaccines, cancer immunotherapy, mRNA-based genetic reprogramming and protein replacement, mRNA-based gene editing.

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Section: Therapeutic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic modified messenger RNA for therapeutic applications

et al. 2021

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“…Indeed, antibodies against RBD are effective to block the receptor binding [5] . Thus, RDB has been expressed under different molecular platforms [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] and as a tandem-repeat dimeric RBD protein (ZF2001) formulated with alum-based adjuvant has been already accepted for human used [11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the development of an epitope-focused vaccine for SARS-CoV-2

Cervantes‐Torres

Rosales²,

Cabello³

et al. 2022

Vaccine

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“…Currently, no specific medicine has shown both efficacy and safety in the treatment of COVID-19 (2). Vaccines specifically targeting the viral spike protein or RNA in the market for COVID-19 prevention are still under development (3), while the transmissive ability of SARS-CoV-2 continues to increase with the mutation of the D614G gene on the spike protein (4). Therefore, suppression and mitigation strategies, including mask-wearing, social distancing, and quarantining suspected and confirmed cases, are still the major methods to control the spread of the virus (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Effectiveness, Safety, and Attitudes Toward the Use of Nucleic Tests of SARS-CoV-2 Among Clinicians and General Public in China

Lan

Sujanto

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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Objective: To assess whether there is a knowledge gap about the use of test kits for residents and to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of using test kits in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Method: An online-based, nationwide, and cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 1,167 respondents were recruited from June 19 to July 2, 2020. All participants completed a validated questionnaire written in Chinese. Electronic consent was obtained from all participants upon their agreement to commence the questionnaire. Perceived efficacy, safety, and their attitudes toward the use of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing kits were measured.Result: The majority of the study respondents were female [749 (64.2%)], aged 31–40 years old [372 (31.9%)], and located in mainland China [1,137 (97.4%)]. The majority of the respondents held a positive view toward the introduction of the fast-track approval policy for novel coronavirus testing products (6.16 ± 1.30) as well as toward putting more investment in scientific research and biomedicine to improve the detection accuracy of detection kits (5.94 ± 1.55) in China. The respondents valued the detection accuracy more as opposed to the detection time of the testing kits (4.66 ± 2.00), whereas few participants agreed that in the research and development process, detection accuracy could be sacrificed to speed up production and coverage capacity (3.02 ± 2.04).Conclusion: The majority of the participants have a basic knowledge of the detection methods of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the types of test kits, as well as great confidence in China's domestic production of test kits and decisions. However, how basic knowledge, high compliance, and positive attitudes play a role in easing the tension of the pandemic still remains unknown.

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COVID-19: A Review of Emerging Preventative Vaccines and Treatment Strategies

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Synthetic modified messenger RNA for therapeutic applications

Synthetic modified messenger RNA for therapeutic applications

Towards the development of an epitope-focused vaccine for SARS-CoV-2

Perceived Effectiveness, Safety, and Attitudes Toward the Use of Nucleic Tests of SARS-CoV-2 Among Clinicians and General Public in China

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