COVID-19 &amp; Periodontitis: The cytokine connection

Sahni, Vaibhav; Gupta, Shipra

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109908

Cited by 96 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Armed with this knowledge, studying the GCF for the possibility of estimating the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 would seem only logical. Not only this, but GCF sampling has also been used to be reliably deterministic of the serum immune response and could further be extrapolated to be reflective of cytokine levels that seem manifest in COVID-19 cases ( Sahni and Gupta 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Gingival Crevicular Fluid

et al. 2020

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Understanding the pathophysiology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection remains a significant challenge of our times. The gingival crevicular fluid being representative of systemic status and having a proven track record of detecting viruses and biomarkers forms a logical basis for evaluating the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The study aimed to assess gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) for evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in 33 patients who were deemed to be COVID-19 positive upon nasopharyngeal sampling. An attempt was also made to comparatively evaluate it with saliva in terms of its sensitivity, as a diagnostic fluid for SARS-CoV-2. GCF and saliva samples were collected from 33 COVID-19–confirmed patients. Total RNA was extracted using NucliSENS easyMAG (bioMérieux) and eluted in the elution buffer. Envelope gene ( E gene) of SARS-CoV-2 and human RNase P gene as internal control were detected in GCF samples by using the TRUPCR SARS-CoV-2 RT qPCR kit V-2.0 (I) in an Applied Biosystems 7500 real-time machine. A significant majority of both asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients exhibited the presence of the novel coronavirus in their GCF samples. Considering the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the nasopharyngeal swab sampling as gold standard, the sensitivity of GCF and saliva, respectively, was 63.64% (confidence interval [CI], 45.1% to 79.60%) and 64.52% (CI, 45.37% to 80.77%). GCF was found to be comparable to saliva in terms of its sensitivity to detect SARS-CoV-2. Saliva samples tested positive in 3 of the 12 patients whose GCF tested negative, and likewise GCF tested positive for 2 of the 11 patients whose saliva tested negative on real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results establish GCF as a possible mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, which is the first such report in the literature, and also provide the first quantifiable evidence pointing toward a link between the COVID-19 infection and oral health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Gingival Crevicular Fluid

et al. 2020

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“…In this review, we explore the roles of the IL-1 family members in inflammatory disorders, including periodontal disease, and provide further insights into novel therapeutic strategies. This review is timely given the emerging importance of cytokines and mast cells (MCs) in COVID-19 in general (Theoharides 2020) and in periodontal disease in particular (Chompunud Na Ayudhya et al 2020; Sahni and Gupta 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-1 Superfamily Members and Periodontal Diseases

et al. 2020

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Periodontitis is a complex, multifactorial chronic disease involving continuous interactions among bacteria, host immune/inflammatory responses, and modifying genetic and environmental factors. More than any other cytokine family, the interleukin (IL)–1 family includes key signaling molecules that trigger and perpetuate periodontal inflammation. Over the years, the IL-1 family expanded to include 11 members of cytokines, some with agonist activity (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ), receptor antagonists (IL-1Ra, IL-36Ra), and 2 anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-37, IL-38). The IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) has emerged as a pivotal player in the defense against periodontitis. IL-33 primarily induces the production of Th2-associated cytokines but acts as an “alarmin” via stimulation of mast cells. The IL-36 subclass of cytokines may be important in regulating mucosal inflammation and homeostasis. IL-37 suppresses innate and acquired immune responses. IL-38 is the most recent member of the IL-1 superfamily and has anti-inflammatory properties similar to those of IL-37 but through different receptors. However, limited evidence exists regarding the role of IL-37 and IL-38 in periodontitis. Despite the development of IL-1 blocking agents, therapeutic blockade of select IL-1 family members for periodontitis has only been partially investigated in preclinical and clinical research, while the development of IL-37 and IL-38 as novel anti-inflammatory drugs has not been considered adequately. Here, we review the key properties of the IL-1 family members and provide insights into targeting or promoting select cytokines as new therapeutic agents.

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“…This relationship shows the interrelation among periodontal disease and COVID-19 and between the cytokine relation, to structure which advices in improving hygiene in oral cavity during this COVID situation. And it is found individuals with periodontal disease have high risk of getting COVID associated unfavourable consequences [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the relationship, significant importance should be given to maintain periodontal health and maintain the value of maintaining careful and good oral hygiene in the COVID-19 situation. There is also chance of feasibility that periodontal disease can be susceptible for an individual's COVID-19 unfavourable outcomes [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal Disease and COVID 19

Siddharthan

Naing

Wan-Arfah

2020

JPRI

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The aim of this study is to assess the association of periodontal disease and COVID 19. Coronavirus have been announced pandemic along the globe by the WHO, which have severely affected every countries healthcare framework and health care professionals globally. Due to this pandemic every individual facing severe problems both economically and emotionally. The similarity seen on inflammatory response pathway shows there is a potential relationship between COVID-19 and Periodontitis are related. Considering the relationship, significant importance should be given to maintain periodontal health, maintaining careful and good oral hygiene in the COVID-19 situation. There is also chance of feasibility that periodontal disease can be susceptible for an individual’s COVID-19 unfavourable outcomes. This relationship shows the interrelation among periodontal disease and COVID-19 and between the cytokine relationship which advices in improving hygiene in oral cavity during this COVID situation. And it is found individuals with periodontal disease have high risk of getting COVID associated unfavourable consequences.

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COVID-19 & Periodontitis: The cytokine connection

Cited by 96 publications

References 3 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Gingival Crevicular Fluid

SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Gingival Crevicular Fluid

IL-1 Superfamily Members and Periodontal Diseases

Periodontal Disease and COVID 19

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