COVID-19: an updated review

Исихак, Ф. А.; Хамад, М. А.; Mustafa, Nasir

doi:10.15789/2220-7619-cau-1443

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…With optimal control of immune responses, we will have a perfect means to overcome new threats without an acute phase. The SARS-CoV-2 genome [79] is large compared with the genomes of related viruses and codes for several new short proteins with unknown functions [80]. Artificial expression has been achieved for 26 out of its 29 proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Continuous Model of Three Scenarios of the Infection Process with Delayed Immune Response Factors

Perevaryukha

2021

BIOPHYSICS

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The course of an infection was modeled as a controlled nonlinear process. Understanding the substantial differences observed in the trajectory of the disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is of critical importance at the moment. Numerous factors have been considered to explain the fact that symptoms vary highly among different people and the infection transmission rate varies among local populations. Virus replication within the host cell and the development of an immune response to virus antigens in the body are two interdependent processes, which have aftereffects and depend on the preexisting states of the cell and virus populations. Different scenarios with the same input parameters are necessary to consider for modeling the properties of the states. The efficiency of the immune response is the most important factor, including the time it takes to develop defense responses from three levels of the immune system, which is a complex system of the body. A computational description of infection scenarios was proposed on the basis of a delay differential equation with two values of the time lag. In the new model, transitions between phases of infectious disease depend on the initial virus dose and the delayed immune response to infection. A variation in the dose of the virus and response time can lead to a transition from an acute phase of the disease with overt symptoms to a chronic phase or fatal outcome. Asymptomatic transmission of viral infection was calculated and described in the model as a situation where the virus is rapidly and efficiently suppressed after a short replication phase, while still persisting in the body in minor amounts. An analysis of the model behavior is consistent with the theory that the initial number of virions can affect the quality of the immune response. The reasons that high individual differences are observed in the trajectory of COVID-19 disease and the formation of types of the immune response to coronavirus are still poorly understood. Known trajectories of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were used as a basis for model scenarios.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Continuous Model of Three Scenarios of the Infection Process with Delayed Immune Response Factors

Perevaryukha

2021

BIOPHYSICS

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“…After the spread of Corona virus around the world and caused anxiety in countries and cities, this led to the many studies and coronavirus correlation with others diseases cases 13 . Since the first case of coronavirus was confirmed in Iraq on February 25, the Iraqi government immediately launched a quarantine procedure on February 28 14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID 19 Patients /Southern of Iraq: Character and Dermatologic Manifestations

Kawen¹,

Saadoon²

2021

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

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Background: the spread of coronavirus diseases in China and then around the world where the current study explores the link between skin manifestations and COVID-19. Methods: A cross sectional study including all diagnosed cases of COVID-19 in Thi-Qar and Al-Muthana governorates, where started by the diagnosis of the 1st case in Thi-Qar province, and ended with the 21th of April 2020, the cases were distributed as 62 cases from Thi-Qar and 54 cases from Al-Muthana, information had been gathered from COVID -19 isolation unites in the two main hospitals of isolation, Al-Husain teaching Hospital and Al-Muthana teaching hospital. Results: The result showed that there are 116 cases of SARS-COV2 infection was recorded in Thi-Qar and Al-Muthanna, the high percentage of infection was detects in the middle adult 80(69%) in the age group over 60 years old. The distribution of infection according to the gender revealed significant differences where the males comprise (87.75%) of cases. The direct contact route of transmission was predominant among patients 101 (87.1%). Also, the highest percentage was live 110(94.8%). According to the results there was a negative relationship between the two variables was detected, there is no correlation. So, there is no correlation in skin manifestations according to the system involvement among COVID-19 infected cases with the pearson correlation (0.327). The results show non-statistical significance in skin manifestation according to biography among only who had dermatological lesions at p value (0.248). Also, there are non-statistical significant in source of infection according to skin manifestation and no correlation between skin manifestations and death with corona virus. Conclusions: It can be concluded from the current study that there is no close correlation between skin manifestations and COVID-19 infection, a very weak direct relationship because some patients may not show any symptoms and these are considered negative signs, meanwhile the unique skin lesion are zinc like deficiency( acrodematitis enteropathica )not reported in any other areas.

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“…In December 2019, the novel coronavirus infection was first detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. As of now this infectious disease is widely known as COVID-19 or nCOVID and has been widely spread in the whole world [15]. On 31st December 2019, high authorities of China alerted World Health Organization (WHO) with an alarming signal conveying the outbreak of a new strain of coronavirus, responsible for severe illness similar to SARS-CoV-1, and was hence named as SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Covid-19 Pandemic Outbreak and Sars-cov-2 Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Biomedical Perspective on COVID-19 Pandemic: From Detection to Vaccination

Mir¹,

Wani²,

John³

et al. 2021

Advanced Chemicobiology Research

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The year 2020 witnessed a challenging period for worldwide scientists to find a suitable treatment for the deadly novel coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (nCOVID or COVID-19). The entire scientific community has been eager to develop effective vaccines and medicine against COVID-19. Despite the fact of administration of vaccination in several countries across the globe, the drug repurposing of several antiviral compounds yielded satisfactory results in recovering the affected people. As it is a known fact that vaccination alone is not the end of this pandemic, but the final treatment in terms of drugs/medicines specific to this disease is yet underway. It looks worthy to present a literature survey based on the collective information related to the drug candidates that have been repurposed, the respective theoretical evaluation, and some of the effective therapies usable in treating COVID-19. This review also describes diagnosis and vaccination availed so far. Therefore, a sequential literature extract is hereby presented starting from the detection, going through virulence, drug repositioning, virtual screening, and the final destination in the form of vaccine development. A few commercially available vaccines have also been introduced. Based on the survey, it is clear that the entire world must remain alert for any future pandemic keeping in view the successful and unsuccessful efforts practiced in the COVID-19 pandemic.

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COVID-19: an updated review

Cited by 6 publications

References 145 publications

A Continuous Model of Three Scenarios of the Infection Process with Delayed Immune Response Factors

A Continuous Model of Three Scenarios of the Infection Process with Delayed Immune Response Factors

COVID 19 Patients /Southern of Iraq: Character and Dermatologic Manifestations

A Systematic Biomedical Perspective on COVID-19 Pandemic: From Detection to Vaccination

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