COVID-19 and autoimmune bullous diseases: Lessons learned

Kasperkiewicz, Michael; Woodley, David T.

doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103286

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

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“…Although they were not enriched in autoreactive B cells, two distinct memory populations (CD80+/ISG15+ and CD11c+/SOX5+/T-bet+/−) with signs of autoreactivity were identified, which were considered to be the source of COVID-19 autoantibodies [ 88 ]. Indeed, the evidence of the development of autoimmune conditions following COVID-19 has accumulated during the past few years [ 44 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 ]. In addition, we found a correlation between IL-21 and CVID severity score in patients with CVID.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Stimulation in Patients with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies

Lucane

Šlisere

Gersone

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) are inborn disorders characterized by immune dysregulation and increased susceptibility to infections. Response to vaccination, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), may be impaired in these patients, and studies on responsiveness correlates, including cytokine signatures to antigen stimulation, are sparse. In this study, we aimed to describe the spike-specific cytokine response following whole-blood stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides in patients with PAD (n = 16 with common variable immunodeficiency and n = 15 with selective IgA deficiency) and its relationship with the occurrence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during up to 10-month follow-up period. Spike-induced antibody and cytokine production was measured using ELISA (anti-spike IgG, IFN-γ) and xMAP technology (interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-21, TNF-α, TGF-β1). No difference was found in the production of cytokines between patients with PAD and controls. Anti-spike IgG and cytokine levels did not predict contraction of COVID-19. The only cytokine that distinguished between vaccinated and naturally infected unvaccinated PAD patients was IFN-γ (median 0.64 (IQR = 1.08) in vaccinated vs. 0.10 (IQR = 0.28) in unvaccinated). This study describes the spike-specific cytokine response to SARS-CoV-2 antigens, which is not predictive of contracting COVID-19 during the follow-up.

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