COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Literature Review From Pathogenesis to Diagnosis

Naeem, Aroma; Tabassum, Shehroze; Gill, Saima; Khan, Maleeka Zamurad; Mumtaz, Nimra; Qaiser, Qamoos; Karamat, Mubashar; Arif, Mashhood; Naeem, Farhan; Afifi, Ahmed M.; Basit, Jawad; Nashwan, Abdulqadir J.

doi:10.7759/cureus.35658

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…It can happen for multiple reasons; however, in our paper, COVID-19 infection in patients admitted to the critical care unit is the reason of interest. Manifestations, like urine color change, can be subtle or serious, leading to renal failure and arrhythmias [18][19][20]. Those manifestations are reflections of the acute release of multiple electrolytes and enzymes, which at substantially raised levels, affect multiple body systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhabdomyolysis in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Study

Nashwan¹,

Abujaber²,

Wraidat³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Introduction: The total number of ICU admissions for COVID-19 patients has increased steadily. Based on the research team's clinical observations, many patients developed rhabdomyolysis, but few cases were reported in the literature. This study explores the incidence of rhabdomyolysis and its outcomes, like mortality, the need for intubation, acute kidney injury, and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to the ICU at a COVID-19-designated hospital in Qatar between March and July 2020. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with mortality.Results: 1079 patients with COVID-19 were admitted to the ICU, and 146 developed rhabdomyolysis. Overall, 30.1% died (n = 44), and 40.4% developed Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) (n = 59), with only 19 cases (13%) recovering from the AKI. AKI was significantly associated with increased mortality rates among rhabdomyolysis patients. Moreover, significant differences were found between groups regarding the subject's age, calcium level, phosphorus level, and urine output. However, the AKI was the best predictor of mortality for those who got the COVID-19 infection and rhabdomyolysis. Conclusion: Rhabdomyolysis increases the risk of death in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. The strongest predictor of a fatal outcome was acute kidney injury. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of early identification and prompt treatment of rhabdomyolysis in patients with severe COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhabdomyolysis in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Study

Nashwan¹,

Abujaber²,

Wraidat³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Severe cytokine release and cytokine storm caused by COVID-19 cause inflammation at the vascular and myocardial level, and endothelitis, plaque rupture and myocardial infarction, myocardial injury, myocarditis, arrhythmias, venous thromboembolism can develop. Determining the CV involvements caused by COVID-19 during the disease will make a significant contribution to our fight against COVID-19 and our patient follow-ups after recovery [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High AST/ALT Ratio Is Associated with Cardiac Involvement in Acute COVID-19 Patients

Karatas

Keleş

Parsova³

et al. 2023

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: We aimed to assess the effect of AST/ALT ratio on echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) parameters after COVID-19 patients recover. Materials and Methods: 87 patients with COVID-19 were included in the study. The patients were hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia, but the patients did not need intensive care unit follow-up or non-invasive mechanical ventilation support. After a discharge and two weeks following the positive swab test result, patients were considered eligible if they had any symptoms. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed within 24 h prior to CMRI. The median value of AST/ALT ratio was found, and the study population was divided into two subgroups based on the median AST/ALT ratio value. The clinical features, blood test, TTE and CMRI results were compared between subgroups. Results: C-reactive protein, D-dimer and fibrinogen were found to be significantly higher in patients with high AST/ALT ratio. LVEF, TAPSE, S’, and FAC were significantly lower in patients with high AST/ALT ratio. LV-GLS were significantly lower in patients with high AST/ALT ratio. In CMRI, native T1 mapping signal, native T2 mapping signal and extracellular volume raised significantly in patients with high AST/ALT ratio. Right ventricle stroke volume and right ventricle ejection fraction were significantly lower in patients with high AST/ALT ratio, but right ventricle end systolic volume was significantly higher in patients with high AST/ALT ratio. Conclusion: High AST/ALT ratio is related to impaired right ventricular function parameters with CMRI and echocardiography after recovery from acute COVID-19. Assessment of AST/ALT ratio at hospital admission may be used to assess the risk of cardiac involvement in COVID-19 disease, and these patients may require closer follow-up during and after the course of COVID-19.

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“…Cardiac complications caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2 are deemed to be associated with both direct and indirect viral effects on the myocardium. The direct mechanism of myocardial injury is promoted by a viral invasion of cardiomyocytes via the viral S-protein, a type of transmembrane glycoprotein, and the interaction of the virus with angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) 2 present in cardiac cells [41][42][43]. However, the viral entry into cardiomyocytes depends not only on the viral S protein binding to the host-cell receptors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathomorphological Features of the Novel Coronavirus Disease in Patients with Systemic Amyloidosis

Mikhaleva,

Gioeva,

Varyasin

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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Amyloidosis is one of the rare systemic illnesses characterized by the deposition of amyloid fibrils in various organs and tissues. There is a common point between COVID-19 and systemic amyloidosis regarding the multiorgan involvement in the pathological process which leads to a heightened risk for severe morbidity and mortality in amyloidosis patients who contracted COVID-19. We performed a pathomorphological analysis of the autopsy records of 22 patients who had COVID-19 and pre-existing systemic amyloidosis. The premortem diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis was established in 55% of patients, and in other 45% of cases, amyloidosis was found at autopsy. Based on the results of immunohistochemical amyloid typing, amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis was detected in 23%, amyloid light chain (AL) lambda in 32%, AL kappa–in 9%, and transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis–in 36% of observations. Immunohistochemical staining with an antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein revealed positive immune reactions in type II alveolocytes in 59% of deceased persons. The analysis of autopsy findings indicates that patients with systemic amyloidosis are more likely to experience an aggressive clinical course of COVID-19 which leads to a multiorgan failure and a higher risk of fatal outcome.

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COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Literature Review From Pathogenesis to Diagnosis

Cited by 9 publications

References 55 publications

Rhabdomyolysis in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Study

Rhabdomyolysis in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Study

High AST/ALT Ratio Is Associated with Cardiac Involvement in Acute COVID-19 Patients

Pathomorphological Features of the Novel Coronavirus Disease in Patients with Systemic Amyloidosis

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