COVID-19 and Child Vaccination: A Systematic Approach to Closing the Immunization Gap

Olorunsaiye, Comfort Z.; Yusuf, Korede K; Reinhart, Kylie; Salihu, Hamisu M.

doi:10.21106/ijma.401

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…1 Specifically in the case of childhood immunizations, campaigns were interrupted and concerns about bringing children to health facilities have contributed to reducing coverage. 2, 3 Yet, a modeling exercise for Sub-Saharan Africa suggested that child deaths due to vaccine-preventable diseases would far exceed the number of childhood deaths due to COVID-19 illness acquired during visits to health facilities in order to receive vaccines. 4…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Missed childhood immunizations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: analyses of routine statistics and of a national household survey

Silveira

Tonial

Maranhão³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Introduction. There is widespread concern that disruption to health services during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to declines in immunization coverage among young children, but there is limited information on the magnitude of such impact. Methods. We used data from two nationwide sources covering the whole of Brazil. Data from the Information System of the National Immunization Program (SIPNI) on the monthly number of vaccine doses administered to young children were analyzed. The second source was a survey in 133 large cities in the 27 states in the country, carried out from August 24-27. Respondents answered a question on whether children under the age of three years had missed any scheduled vaccinations during the pandemic, and available vaccination cards were photographed for later examination. Results. SIPNI data showed that, relative to January and February 2020, there was a decline of about 20% in vaccines administered to children aged two months or older during March and April, when social distancing was at the highest level in the country. After May, vaccination levels returned to pre-pandemic values. Survey data, based on the interviews and on examination of the vaccine cards, showed that 19.0% (95% CI 17.0;21.1%) and 20.6% (95% CI 19.0;23.1%) of children, respectively, had missed immunizations. Missed doses were most common in the North (Amazon) region and least common in the South and Southeast, and also more common among children from poor than from wealthy families. Interpretation. Our results show that the pandemic was associated with a reduction of about 20% in child vaccinations, but this was reverted in recent months. Children from poor families and from the least developed regions of the country were most affected. There is an urgent need to booster immunization activities in the country to compensate for missed doses, and to reduce geographic and socioeconomic inequalities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Missed childhood immunizations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: analyses of routine statistics and of a national household survey

Silveira

Tonial

Maranhão³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…25 The mitigation measures adopted to control the COVID-19 pandemic threaten to undo the progress achieved in the control of vaccine-preventable diseases in low-and middle-income countries and high-income countries. 26 From the major reasons for vaccination failure among partially vaccinated children; there are religious and cultural barriers that account 6(9.7%) of all reasons. This might be due to missed understanding or miss interpretation of religious and cultural concepts or views of child vaccination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Full Vaccination Coverage and Associated Factors Among 12-to-23-Month Children at Assosa Town, Western Ethiopia, 2020

Jimma¹,

GebreEyesus²,

Chanie³

et al. 2021

PHMT

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Introduction: Vaccination means the injection of a killed microbe to stimulate the immune system against the microbe, which prevents communicable diseases. It's the most important and cost-effective public health intervention to reduce child mortality and morbidity. Ethiopian national full vaccination coverage is 43%. This research aimed to assess full vaccination coverage and associated factors among 12-to-23-month children at Assosa Town. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged of 12 to 23 months from November to December 2020. Assosa town has two woredas. Each woreda has five kebeles. By using lottery method, five kebeles were selected from two woredas. Systematic sampling technique was used for sampling. The total sample size was 372. It was calculated by the proportionate allocation method. Questioners were used to collect data by the observation of vaccination caring and mother interviewing. Data were entered into SPSS and analyzed. Multivariance analysis was used by considering a 95% confidence interval. Variables whose p-value less than 0.05 were identified as significant. Results:The respondent rate of this study was 372 (100%). Of the total respondents, 338 (90.8%) were females and 34 (9.1%) of them were males. The coverage of full, partial, and non-vaccination is 71.77%, 16.67%, and 11.56%, respectively. Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, child age [AOR=2.7, 95% CI: (1.36, 5.4)], no antenatal care visit [AOR=0.41, 95% CI: (0.24, 0.71)] and fear of covid 19 at health institutions [AOR=3.5, 95% CI: (2, 6)] were identified as significant variables. There are major identified factors for partial and non-vaccination. Conclusion: Coverage of full, partial, and non-vaccination was 71.77%, 16.67%, and 11.56%, respectively. Child age, no antenatal care visit, and fear of covid 19 at health institutions were significant variables. Fear of covid-19 is the commonest factor for partial and non-vaccination.

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“… [31] , [32] As this study has shown, countries also need to now consider how to address missed vaccination due to COVID-19, and guidance is available. [14] , [33] Foresight and a comprehensive plan for rapidly closing this immunization gaps is crucial, [12] , [34] including immediate planning for detecting individuals who have missed vaccination, instituting large-scale catch-up programs and campaigns, and bridging any delivery gaps. [12] , [35] , [36] Using shorter time periods to monitor vaccination uptake during the pandemic is advantageous.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12] This deferral has affected an estimated 80 million children under age one. [13] Substantial missed or delayed routine vaccinations can trigger secondary outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases and associated mortality, [2] , [3] , [14] , [15] similar to the Ebola outbreak in west Africa where reallocation of health resources decreased vaccination coverage and resulted in disease outbreaks. [16] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and missed or delayed vaccination in 26 middle- and high-income countries: An observational survey

Shapiro

Gottfredson

Leask

et al. 2022

Vaccine

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted vaccination services and raised the risk of a global resurgence of preventable diseases. We assessed the extent of and reasons for missed or delayed vaccinations (hereafter ‘missed’) in middle- and high-income countries in the early months of the pandemic. Methods Participants were 28,429 adults from 26 middle- and high-income countries. From May to June 2020, participants completed an online survey on missed vaccination. Analyses separated missed childhood and adult vaccination in middle-and high-income countries. Results Respondents were 28,429 adults from 26 middle- and high-income countries. Overall, 9% of households had missed a vaccine, and 13% were unsure. More households in middle- than high-income countries reported missed childhood vaccination (7.6% vs. 3.0%) and missed adult vaccination (9.6% vs. 3.4%, both p <.05). Correlates of missed childhood vaccination in middle-income countries included COVID-19 risk factors (respiratory and cardiovascular disease), younger age, male sex, employment, distress, larger household size, and more children. In high-income countries, correlates of missed childhood vaccination also included immunodeficiency disorders, but did not include sex or household size. Fewer correlates were associated with missed adult vaccination other than COVID-19 risk factors and distress. Common reasons for missed vaccinations were worry about getting COVID-19 at the vaccination clinic (15%) or when leaving the house (11%). Other reasons included no healthcare provider recommendation, clinic closure, and wanting to save services for others. Interpretation Missed vaccination was common and more prevalent in middle- than high-income countries. Missed vaccination could be mitigated by emphasizing COVID-19 safety measures in vaccination clinics, ensuring free and accessible immunization, and clear healthcare provider recommendations

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COVID-19 and Child Vaccination: A Systematic Approach to Closing the Immunization Gap

Cited by 33 publications

References 8 publications

Missed childhood immunizations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: analyses of routine statistics and of a national household survey

Missed childhood immunizations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: analyses of routine statistics and of a national household survey

Full Vaccination Coverage and Associated Factors Among 12-to-23-Month Children at Assosa Town, Western Ethiopia, 2020

COVID-19 and missed or delayed vaccination in 26 middle- and high-income countries: An observational survey

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