COVID-19 and Cirrhosis: A Combination We Must Strive to Prevent

Su, Feng

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.08.037

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Cirrhotic patients have complex immune disorders and are more susceptible to infection, and the leading causes of mortality are not only respiratory complications but also deterioration of liver function, leading to end-stage liver disease. Patients with cirrhosis are not only at risk of related immune dysfunction, but also are more likely to have comorbidities that predispose them to severe COVID-19, such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and heart disease[ 75 ]. However, there is a debate about the risk of cirrhosis on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19.…”

Section: Covid-19-induced Liver Injury In Special Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver injury in COVID-19: A minireview

Hu¹,

Jiang²,

Shu³

et al. 2022

World J Gastroenterol

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has escalated into a global tragedy afflicting human health, life, and social governance. Through the increasing depth of research and a better understanding of this disease, it has been ascertained that, in addition to the lungs, SARS-CoV-2 can also induce injuries to other organs including the liver. Liver injury is a common clinical manifestation of COVID-19, particularly in severe cases, and is often associated with a poorer prognosis and higher severity of COVID-19. This review focuses on the general existing information on liver injury caused by COVID-19, including risk factors and subpopulations of liver injury in COVID-19, the association between preexisting liver diseases and the severity of COVID-19, and the potential mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 affects the liver. This review may provide some useful information for the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies for COVID-19-associated liver injury.

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Section: Covid-19-induced Liver Injury In Special Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver injury in COVID-19: A minireview

Hu¹,

Jiang²,

Shu³

et al. 2022

World J Gastroenterol

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“…The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the liver appears to be a vicious circle, ultimately leading to multiple system organ failure (MSOF) [ 59 ]. Another study showed that COVID-19 was found to increase by 5-fold the chance of death among cirrhotic patients, respectively accounting for a 2.2-fold increase in the death risk of those with decompensated cirrhosis [ 46 , 60 ], but the main cause of death in cirrhotic patients infected with COVID-19 was found to be respiratory failure (71% of the cases in the study), while only 19% of the patients died of complications related to the liver [ 61 ].…”

Section: Covid-19 and Cirrhosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of New-Onset Liver Injuries Due to COVID-19 in Preexisting Hepatic Conditions—Review of the Literature

Bucurica

Radu²,

Bucurica³

et al. 2022

Medicina

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) impacted the world and caused the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The clinical manifestations of the virus can vary from patient to patient, depending on their respective immune system and comorbidities. SARS-CoV-2 can affect patients through two mechanisms: directly by targeting specific receptors or by systemic mechanisms. We reviewed data in the latest literature in order to discuss and determine the risk of new-onset liver injuries due to COVID-19 in preexisting hepatic conditions. The particular expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors is an additional risk factor for patients with liver disease. COVID-19 causes more severe forms in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), increases the risk of cirrhosis decompensation, and doubles the mortality for these patients. The coinfection SARS-CoV-2—viral hepatitis B or C might have different outcomes depending on the stage of the liver disease. Furthermore, the immunosuppressant treatment administered for COVID-19 might reactivate the hepatic virus. The high affinity of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins for cholangiocytes results in a particular type of secondary sclerosing cholangitis. The impact of COVID-19 infection on chronic liver disease patients is significant, especially in cirrhosis, influencing the prognosis and outcome of these patients.

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“…Finally, the spectrum of COVID-19related manifestations turned out to be associated with a broad range of systemic symptoms, e.g., neurological and dermatological syndromes, myocardial dysfunction, hyperglycemia, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and acute kidney failure [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Concomitantly, a lot of observations also started to suggest an existing relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and chronic liver diseases (CLDs), indicating hepatic manifestations of the infection and the exacerbation of existing liver pathologies in the case of COVID-19 [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Further, preexisting systemic disorders were also proved to modify the natural history of COVID-19, usually exacerbating its course and resulting in a more complex presentation of the infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19, Possible Hepatic Pathways and Alcohol Abuse—What Do We Know up to 2023?

Michalak,

Lach,

Szczygieł

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The pandemic period due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) revolutionized all possible areas of global health. Significant consequences were also related to diverse extrapulmonary manifestations of this pathology. The liver was found to be a relatively common organ, beyond the respiratory tract, affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Multiple studies revealed the essential role of chronic liver disease (CLD) in the general outcome of coronavirus infection. Present concerns in this field are related to the direct hepatic consequences caused by COVID-19 and pre-existing liver disorders as risk factors for the severe course of the infection. Which mechanism has a key role in this phenomenon—previously existing hepatic disorder or acute liver failure due to SARS-CoV-2—is still not fully clarified. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) constitutes another not fully elucidated context of coronavirus infection. Should the toxic effects of ethanol or already developed liver cirrhosis and its consequences be perceived as a causative or triggering factor of hepatic impairment in COVID-19 patients? In the face of these discrepancies, we decided to summarize the role of the liver in the whole picture of coronavirus infection, paying special attention to ALD and focusing on the pathological pathways related to COVID-19, ethanol toxicity and liver cirrhosis.

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COVID-19 and Cirrhosis: A Combination We Must Strive to Prevent

Abstract: See "Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis: a national COVID cohort collaborative study" by Ge J, Pletcher MJ, Lai JC, N3C Consortium, on page 000.

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Liver injury in COVID-19: A minireview

Liver injury in COVID-19: A minireview

Risk of New-Onset Liver Injuries Due to COVID-19 in Preexisting Hepatic Conditions—Review of the Literature

COVID-19, Possible Hepatic Pathways and Alcohol Abuse—What Do We Know up to 2023?

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