COVID‐19 and European Multi‐Level Democracy

Martinsen, Dorte Sindbjerg; Goetz, Klaus H.

doi:10.1111/jcms.13417

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Despite these equally favorable conditions, in the vaccination willingness, there are substantial differences influenced by several social and political elements. This fact supports the argument that the diversity of member states, not only that of their healthcare systems, constrains the efficiency of EU-level interventions and points to the interconnected relationship between the member state and Union levels (Guy, 2020;Martinsen & Goetz, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Mind the gap! The role of health policy capacity and vaccination acceptance in European Covid‐19 mortality differences

Farkas,

Rácz

2024

European Policy Analysis

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Two years of the Covid‐19 pandemic caused significantly different death tolls in European countries. Nine of the 30 countries with the highest accumulated fatalities belong to Central and Eastern Europe, although the solidarity of the European Union (EU) provided vaccines for all member states. Using correlation and cluster analysis, this paper identifies the demographic, social, and political factors which can explain the differences. As generally accepted in the literature, the death toll is measured by the number of excess deaths. The examination separates the prevaccination and vaccination periods. While the impact of other factors is also present, vaccination coverage has a salient explanatory role in the excess deaths of the second period. The experiences of the Covid‐19 pandemic simultaneously highlight the importance and sociopolitical constraints of health policy at the European level. The analysis confirms that complementary competences between the European and national levels are adequate for the EU health policy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Mind the gap! The role of health policy capacity and vaccination acceptance in European Covid‐19 mortality differences

Farkas,

Rácz

2024

European Policy Analysis

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“…They stress the importance of an educated and informed population to prevent permanent government restrictions on democracy (41). Dorte also emphasizes that compliance with quarantine measures was higher in countries with responsive democratic governments (42). Iglesias in his study has not found a clear correlation between the severity of measures taken and the political regime (43).…”

Section: Libertarian Approachmentioning

confidence: 96%

Governing COVID-19: The Complex Relationship Between Government Type and Police Enforcement

Bohloli,

Shokri,

Khah

2023

Preprint

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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most significant challenges to global health and economic and social aspects. This disease has spread to millions of people and caused hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic not only posed unprecedented and unforeseen challenges to public health systems in the early 21st century but also created a set of challenges for police departments and law enforcement agencies worldwide. Methods: We conducted a scoping review to map the existing literature on the relationship between government type and police enforcement in controlling COVID-19. We searched electronic databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We included studies that were conducted in countries with different types of governance and published data on their police deployment in controlling COVID-19. We identified 18 countries that met our inclusion criteria. We used a four-quadrant composition model to plot the countries based on their government type and the extent of police deployment. We found a complex relationship among government type, police enforcement, and COVID-19 control. Results: Based on the studies conducted and the literature review on the subject in various parts of the world, the four-zone model (Governance Policing Types - GPT) is proposed in accordance with the type of governance and the extent of police use in controlling COVID-19. This model indicates a clear relationship between the type of government and the extent of police use in controlling epidemiological crises. Research findings suggest that in pandemic emergencies, the type of governance and effective response of the police can keep individuals away from potential risks and ensure public safety and well-being. Conclusion: Governance quality and police involvement are essential in managing pandemics; however, a balanced approach is needed to protect both public health and individual rights. Democratic countries generally have better decision quality, but authoritarian countries can make decisions more quickly. Countries that combined both quality and speed of decision-making achieved exceptional results. More research is needed to understand the long-term effects of different pandemic management strategies.

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“…On the other hand, events can be seen through an 'emergency politics' account, where urgency is used to serve political ends under pressures of 'last resort'. This debate informs the shifting of balance between the national and supranational level in terms of power, which can potentially deteriorate democracy within the EU and its Member States (Martinsen and Goetz, 2022).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

From Crisis to Crisis: The EU in between the Covid, Energy and Inflation Crises (and War)

Massetti

Exadaktylos

2022

J of Common Market Studies

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It has become virtually impossible to discuss developments in European politics without referring constantly to the concept of 'crisis' (Rhinard, 2019). Crises are now a recurrent element in European politics, even though EU-specific crises, such as the Euro-crisis, economic stagnation, refugee crisis, terrorist crisis and Brexit, have been trumped by eminently global crises, starting from the Covid-19 pandemic. Indeed, they are now so numerous and overlapping that it has become impossible even to characterize a solar year by attaching it to a specific crisis. This is certainly the case with 2021, which began with a massive response to the enduring Covid-19 crisis and ended with the emergence of a dramatic energy and inflation crisisnot to mention rising tensions at the time between Ukraine and Russia at the eastern boarder of the EU, which turned into a fully-fledged war in 2022.In the first months of 2021, the Covid-19 emergency still dominated the agenda, with lockdowns still in place or reactivated in several EU Member States, as well as anti-lockdown protests spreading across Europe. The most important part of the health policy response to the Covid-19 crisis took the shape of EU-coordinated vaccination campaigns; while, on the economic side, financial support for citizens and businesses was secured thanks to the prolonged suspension of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) and the parallel Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP) by the ECB, which allowed all EU Member States to keep borrowing as much as needed. In addition, the Next Generation EU (NGEU) and its Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) started to be implemented with a view to facilitate a longer-term recovery phase, in line with the pre-Covid-19 strategic priorities of Ursula Von der Leyen's agenda when she started as President of the Commission. In the first part of the year, two more lingering crises attracted the attention of policy makers: the continuing negotiations on the post-Brexit UK-EU agreement and concerns on the respect of the rule of law in some Member States. More specifically, from March 2021 both Hungary and Poland staged a manifold challenge against the so-called Rule of Law Conditionality Regulation.However, at the end of the summer of 2021, Covid-related policy issues regained centrality, as doubts on the efficacy of vaccines started to circulate more widely in public opinions and some national vaccination campaigns were pushed into coercion. The EU Digital Covid-19 Certificate (soon dabbed Green Pass), which was meant to protect the right to travel freely across EU Member States, was used by some governments in a restrictive way, introducing rules against unvaccinated citizens at a domestic level. These extraordinary national policies generated strong reactions and protests in and across the interested countries, exacerbating the debate (which was until then limited to lockdown

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COVID‐19 and European Multi‐Level Democracy

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Mind the gap! The role of health policy capacity and vaccination acceptance in European Covid‐19 mortality differences

Mind the gap! The role of health policy capacity and vaccination acceptance in European Covid‐19 mortality differences

Governing COVID-19: The Complex Relationship Between Government Type and Police Enforcement

From Crisis to Crisis: The EU in between the Covid, Energy and Inflation Crises (and War)

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