COVID-19 and iron dysregulation: distant sequence similarity between hepcidin and the novel coronavirus spike glycoprotein

Ehsani, Sepehr

doi:10.1186/s13062-020-00275-2

Cited by 76 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 144 publications

(183 reference statements)

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“…The ectodomain is anchored to a transmembrane region, followed by a cytoplasmic tail. Recently, it was reported that a sequence similarity exists between the cysteine-rich cytoplasmic tail of the CoV spike protein with the cysteine-rich domain in hepcidin protein, which is a key regulator of iron homoeostasis in humans and other vertebrates has been reported [ 59–61 ]. SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein can bind DMT1 on the apical site of brush border epithelial cells in the gut mucosa, and could mediate membrane fusion and virus entry into the cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of CD26, a potential SARS-CoV-2 receptor, as a biomarker of age and pathology

et al. 2020

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Objective: In some individuals, coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to a variety of serious inflammatory symptoms, including blood clotting and acute respiratory distress. Death due to COVID-19 shows a steep rise in relation to age. Comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and cardiovascular disease also increase susceptibility. It has been reported that T-cell regulatory dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26)) binds to the external spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 as a receptor, for the viral entry into the host cell. CD26 is expressed on many cells, including T and natural killer (NK) cells of the immune system, as a membrane-anchored form. A soluble form (sCD26) is also found in the blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Approach and results: To investigate a possible relationship between sCD26 levels, age and pathology, serum samples were collected from control, T2DM and age-related dementia (ARD) subjects. A significant reduction in serum sCD26 levels was seen in relation to age. ARD and T2DM were also associated with lower levels of sCD26. The analysis of blood smears revealed different cellular morphologies: in controls, CD26 was expressed around the neutrophil membrane, whereas in T2DM, excessive sCD26 was found around the mononucleated cells (MNCs). ARD subjects had abnormal fragmented platelets and haemolysis due to low levels of sCD26. Conclusions: These findings may help to explain the heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. High serum sCD26 levels could protect from viral infection by competively inhibiting the virus binding to cellular CD26, whereas low sCD26 levels could increase the risk of infection. If so measuring serum sCD26 level may help to identify individuals at high risk for the COVID-19 infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of CD26, a potential SARS-CoV-2 receptor, as a biomarker of age and pathology

et al. 2020

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“…20 Further in silico studies have identified that the cytoplasmic tail of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein shares homology with hepcidin, suggesting the role that SARS-CoV-2 may play in local iron dysregulation. 21 These in silico studies need validation with larger properly designed in vitro and in vivo studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fever in the returning traveller : dual infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Plasmodium falciparum malaria

Parker

Nell

Mowlana

et al. 2020

The Journal of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology of Sou

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Background: More than 90% of the global 400 000 annual malaria deaths occur in Africa. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in more than 830 000 deaths in its first 10 months. Case presentation: This case describes a patient who had travelled from Mozambique to Cape Town, presented with a mild febrile illness, and was diagnosed with both COVID-19 and uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection. She responded well to malaria treatment and had an uneventful COVID-19 admission. Her blood smear showed a low malaria parasitaemia and a relatively high gametocyte load. Conclusion: We postulate that her clinical course and abnormal smear could well be due to reciprocal disease-modifying effects of the infections. The presenting symptoms of COVID-19 may mimic endemic infectious diseases including malaria, tuberculosis, pneumocystis pneumonia and influenza thus there is a need for clinical vigilance to identify and treat such co-infections.

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“…Theoretical approaches, such as molecular tools [122] and protein modeling [34], provide alternative methodologies for predicting susceptible species. In particular, key residues of the ACE-2 receptor for recognizing S protein can be studied to predict potential animal hosts of SARS-CoV-2 [144][145][146]. Ultimately, an integrative framework that applies field, laboratory, and theoretical approaches provide a comprehensive framework for assessing potential hosts of SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Infectious Bronchitis Virus (Ibv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Diversity and Potential Transmission Pathways of SARS-CoV-2 at the Human-Animal Interface

Hedman¹,

Krawczyk

Helmy

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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Emerging infectious diseases present great risks to public health. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has become an urgent public health issue of global concern. It is speculated that the virus first emerged through a zoonotic spillover. Basic research studies have suggested that bats are likely the ancestral reservoir host. Nonetheless, the evolutionary history and host susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear as a multitude of animals has been proposed as potential intermediate or dead-end hosts. SARS-CoV-2 has been isolated from domestic animals, both companion and livestock, as well as in captive wildlife that were in close contact with human COVID-19 cases. Currently, domestic mink is the only known animal that is susceptible to a natural infection, develop severe illness, and can also transmit SARS-CoV-2 to other minks and humans. To improve foundational knowledge of SARS-CoV-2, we are conducting a synthesis review of its host diversity and transmission pathways. To mitigate this COVID-19 pandemic, we strongly advocate for a systems-oriented scientific approach that comprehensively evaluates the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at the human and animal interface.

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COVID-19 and iron dysregulation: distant sequence similarity between hepcidin and the novel coronavirus spike glycoprotein

Cited by 76 publications

References 144 publications

Investigation of CD26, a potential SARS-CoV-2 receptor, as a biomarker of age and pathology

Investigation of CD26, a potential SARS-CoV-2 receptor, as a biomarker of age and pathology

Fever in the returning traveller : dual infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Plasmodium falciparum malaria

Host Diversity and Potential Transmission Pathways of SARS-CoV-2 at the Human-Animal Interface

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