COVID-19 and its effects on the digestive system

Cao, Tingting; Zhang, Guqin; Pellegrini, Emily; Zhao, Qiu; Jin, Li; Luo, Linjie; Pan, Huaqin

doi:10.3748/wjg.v27.i24.3502

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…The exact mechanism of COVID-19 in inducing digestive system dysfunction is unclear to date [ 37 ]. Three hypotheses are available to explain gastrointestinal symptoms in several COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-World Evidence for COVID-19 Delta Variant’s Effects on the Digestive System and Protection of Inactivated Vaccines from a Medical Center in Yangzhou, China: A Retrospective Observational Study

Zhao

Xie

et al. 2022

International Journal of Clinical Practice

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Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly disseminated worldwide, and it continues to threaten global public health. Recently, the Delta variant has emerged as the most dreaded variant worldwide. COVID-19 predominantly affects the respiratory tract, and studies have reported the transient effects of COVID-19 on digestive system function. However, the relationship between the severity of the Delta variant and digestive system function remains to be investigated. Additionally, data on the ability of the inactive Chinese vaccines (Sinovac or Sinopharm) to protect against the Delta variant or COVID-19-induced gastrointestinal symptoms in the real world are insufficient. Thus, the present retrospective observational study first attempted to use the total gastrointestinal symptom rating scale scores (GSRS) to quantify the possible changes in digestive system functions following the Delta variant infection in the early stage. In addition, the study discusses the potential of inactivated vaccines in preventing severe or critical symptoms or Delta variant-induced digestive system dysfunction. Methods. To evaluate the difference between mild illness group, moderate illness group, and severe or critical illness group, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to compare the three groups' total gastrointestinal symptom rating scale scores (GSRS). A chi-squared test was used to compare the differences in the ratio of the abnormal biochemical measurements among the three groups first. Then, the percentage of the vaccinated population was compared among the three groups. Additionally, the ratio of the abnormal serum markers between the vaccinated and nonvaccinated cohorts was compared. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Significant differences were observed in the abnormal ratio of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) ratio among the three groups ( P < 0.05 ). Additionally, no significant difference was observed in the abnormal serum markers ratio between day 14 and day 21 after treatment ( P > 0.05 ). A significant difference was observed in the total GSRS scores among the three groups and the ratio of the vaccinated population among the three groups ( P < 0.05 ). A significant difference was observed in the ratio of the abnormal serum ALT and AST levels between the vaccinated and nonvaccinated cohorts ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusions. In summary, serum AST, DBIL, LDH, and IL-6 levels are potential markers for distinguishing severe or critical patients in the early stage of the Delta variant infection. Additionally, changes in the levels of these serum makers are transient, and the levels can return to normal after treatment. Furthermore, severe gastrointestinal discomfort was significantly more prevalent in patients with severe or critical diseases and should thus be considered in patients diagnosed with Delta variant infection. Finally, inactivated vaccines may prevent severe or critical symptoms and Delta variant-induced liver dysfunction. Vaccination programs must be promoted to protect public health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-World Evidence for COVID-19 Delta Variant’s Effects on the Digestive System and Protection of Inactivated Vaccines from a Medical Center in Yangzhou, China: A Retrospective Observational Study

Zhao

Xie

et al. 2022

International Journal of Clinical Practice

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“…However, the exact proportion varies widely in studies that have addressed this question, ranging from 17-53%, with geographic differences possibly explaining some of these disparities. [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] ] The most common symptoms these patients experience are anorexia, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, although some authors do not include anorexia as a GI-specific symptom. In a meta-analysis of 60 studies including 4243 patients, GI symptoms occurred in 17.6% of patients, including 26.8% with anorexia, 12.5% with diarrhea, 10.2% with nausea/vomiting, and 9.2% with abdominal pain.…”

Section: Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Manifestations Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 3 ] In some studies, 4-20% of patients present with GI symptoms only. [ 4 , 6 ] Those patients who manifest only GI symptoms may have a longer time interval between symptom onset and hospital admission. [ 7 ]…”

Section: Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Manifestations Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary manifestations

Shih

Misdraji

2023

Human Pathology

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“…We read with interest the article by Cao et al [ 1 ] titled “Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its effects on the digestive system.”…”

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19: Is there a relationship with mortality and new variations of SARS-CoV-2?

Ribeiro¹,

Moura²

2021

WJG

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although, respiratory symptoms are typical the digestive system is also a susceptible target with gastrointestinal symptoms present even in the absence of respiratory symptoms. The gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 include diarrhea, abdominal pain, anorexia, and nausea among other symptoms. Some questions that remain to be answered include: Do patients with gastrointestinal symptoms have a higher mortality? SARS-CoV-2 variants are already a global reality: Do these variants present with a greater prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms? Do patients with these symptoms warrant more intensive care unit care?

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COVID-19 and its effects on the digestive system

Cited by 22 publications

References 107 publications

Real-World Evidence for COVID-19 Delta Variant’s Effects on the Digestive System and Protection of Inactivated Vaccines from a Medical Center in Yangzhou, China: A Retrospective Observational Study

Real-World Evidence for COVID-19 Delta Variant’s Effects on the Digestive System and Protection of Inactivated Vaccines from a Medical Center in Yangzhou, China: A Retrospective Observational Study

COVID-19: gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary manifestations

Gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19: Is there a relationship with mortality and new variations of SARS-CoV-2?

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