COVID-19 and Post-intensive Care Syndrome: Community-Based Care for ICU Survivors

Abstract

Survivors of critical illness, including those with COVID-19, are likely to experience post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). PICS involves a constellation of physical, cognitive, and mental health problems that can occur following hospitalization in an intensive care unit (ICU). This focused review describes the impact of PICS on an individual’s function, societal participation, and family. Specific evidence-based screening tools for in-home identification of the deficits associated with PICS are recommended. Recognition of PICS through early screening by home health care providers is crucial in order to assemble the physical rehabilitation, mental health, and community resources needed to mitigate the long-term effects of COVID-19 and other critical illnesses. This review concludes with further PICS resources for community-based providers to enhance their knowledge and expertise and to prepare them for caring for COVID-19 and other critical illness survivors.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Activity, Function, and Quality of Life

“…1 An unprecedented number of people infected with COVID-19 have required management in intensive care units (ICU) and are at risk for developing postintensive care syndrome (PICS). 19,20 Furthermore, it is recognized that many people diagnosed with COVID-19 have sustained biopsychosocial problems, recognized by the World Health Organization as postacute COVID-19 condition (PACC). 21 Both these groups will have a range of issues that will affect physical activity in both the long and short term.…”

“…23 Emerging evidence indicates that people with COVID-19 who require ICU admission are at high risk of developing PICS. 19,20 It is increasingly recognized that this cohort is likely to require ongoing multidisciplinary rehabilitation, including specialized exercise prescription, to optimize function and maximize long-term health outcomes. 24 Even people who do not require admission to intensive care can have substantial long-term problems post-COVID.…”

Efectos a largo plazo de la COVID-19: una revisión de la literatura

“…7,8,13,29,31,37,[47][48][49] 20 Si la enfermedad inicial es severa, es posible que se desarrolle el síndrome postcuidados intensivos, definido como el desarrollo de deficiencias o el agravamiento de las mismas, lo cual empeora el estado de salud física, cognitiva o mental después de una enfermedad crítica y que persiste más allá de la hospitalización por cuidados agudos. 18,21 Finalmente, el SARS-CoV-2 utiliza como receptor de entrada a la enzima convertidora de angiotensina-2 (ECA-2), expresada en el epitelio respiratorio, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urogenital y sistema nervioso central (SNC) y periférico (SNP), 22 lo que lo convierte en el principal mecanismo de lesión en los sistemas.…”

Comparison of Machine Learning Tools for the Prediction of ICU Admission in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients

“…So far, this virus has affected almost all countries, with more than two million deaths worldwide (2). Approximately 20% of COVID-19 patients need hospitalization, and 20%-30% of COVID-19 in-hospital patients are admitted to ICU (3). In Iran, the ICU admission rate is esti-mated to be 32% of hospitalized patients, and the ICU death rate is about 39% (4).…”