COVID-19 and race/color disparity: a brief analysis of the indigenous population in a state in the Brazilian Amazon

Cunha, Arthur Arantes da; Corona, Rodolfo; Castilho-Martins, Emerson Augusto

doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2021ce6734

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, the Brazilian population is extremely varied, with high variability in its genetic background [ 29 ] and races [ 28 ]. Several previous Brazilian studies focused on race and its association with the COVID-19 progression in Brazilian cities and states [ 25 , 30 - 33 ]. Most of the published studies reported a nationwide survey comprising all the Brazilian territory, despite the different socioeconomic and demographic indexes across the Brazilian states and Federal District [ 5 , 7 , 12 , 26 , 34 , 35 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of demographic data, clinical signs, comorbidities, and outcomes according to the race in hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 in Brazil: An observational study

et al. 2022

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Background Brazil is a multiracial country with five major official races: White, Black, individuals with multiracial backgrounds, Asian, and Indigenous. Brazil is also one of the epicentres of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 pandemic. Thus, we evaluated how the races of the Brazilian population contribute to the outcomes in hospitalized individuals with COVID-19, and we also described the clinical profile of the five official Brazilian races. Methods We performed an epidemiological analysis for the first 67 epidemiological weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil (from February 22, 2020, to April 04, 2021) using the data available at OpenDataSUS of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, a data set containing data from Brazilian hospitalized individuals. We evaluated more than 30 characteristics, including demographic data, clinical symptoms, comorbidities, need for intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation, and outcomes. Results In our data, 585 655 hospitalized individuals with a positive result in SARS-CoV-2 real-time chain reaction (RT-PCR) were included. Of these total, 309 646 (52.9%) identified as White, 31 872 (5.4%) identified as Black, 7108 (1.2%) identified as Asian, 235 108 (40.1%) identified as individuals with multiracial background, and 1921 (0.3%) identified as Indigenous. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that race was significative to predict the death being that Black (OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.39-1.48), individuals with multiracial background (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.34-1.38), and Indigenous (OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.70-2.15) races were more prone to die compared to the White race. The Asian individuals did not have a higher chance of dying due to SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to White individuals (OR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.94-1.06). In addition, other characteristics contributed as such as being male (OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.16-1.19), age (mainly, +85 years old – OR = 23.02; 95% CI = 20.05-26.42) compared to 1-year-old individuals, living in rural areas (OR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.18-1.26) or in peri-urban places (OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.11-1.40), and the presence of nosocomial infection (OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.82-2.01). Among the clinical symptoms, the main predictors were dyspnoea (OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.23-1.28), respiratory discomfort (OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.28-1.32), oxygen saturation <95% (OR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.38-1.43). Also, among the comorbidities, the main predictors were the presence of immunosuppressive disorder (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.39-1.49), neurological disorder (OR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.17-1.25), hepatic disorder (OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.34-1.50), diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.37-1.42), cardiopathy (OR = 1.13; 95%CI = 1.11-1.14), hematologic disorder (OR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.24-1.43), Down syndrome (OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.43-1.81), renal disease (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.11-1.18), and obesity (OR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.15-1.21). Individuals on intensive care unit (OR = 2.25; 95% CI = 2.22-2.29) and on invasive (OR = 10.9...

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of demographic data, clinical signs, comorbidities, and outcomes according to the race in hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 in Brazil: An observational study

et al. 2022

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“…By January 2021 in the state of Amapá, the death rate from covid-19 was around 2.9/1000 indigenous people compared with 1.1/1000 in non-indigenous people 10. And between 20 March 2020 and 29 April 2021, the incidence of covid-19 in indigenous people in Amapá was about 5.6 times higher than among non-indigenous people 2…”

Section: Delays and Neglect During The Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the Amazonian state of Amapá, indigenous people often lack income, sanitation, and medical services 2. Elsewhere in northern Brazil, Warao people face the dual vulnerabilities of being indigenous and refugees from Venezuela.…”

Section: Pre-existing Social Vulnerabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Legacy of covid-19 for indigenous health in the Brazilian Amazon

Ro¹

2023

BMJ

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Pre-existing vulnerabilities meant that covid-19 hit indigenous people particularly hard, but as Christine Ro reports, it also kickstarted initiatives to improve health Christine Ro freelance journalist "I don't want privileges. I just want the healthcare system to understand," says Marinete Tukano, treasurer coordinator of Makira E'ta, a network of indigenous women in the Brazilian state of Amazonas.

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“…Desde os primeiros estudos epidemiológicos (Hallal et al, 2020; e os mais recentes (Montag et al, 2021;Cunha et al, 2021;Croda et al, 2022) evidenciaram que as comunidades indígenas apresentaram uma taxa de incidência e mortalidade por Covid-19 mais elevada do que não-indígenas. Essas pesquisas apontaram como possíveis causas a existência de rodovias e livre acesso para trocas comerciais em terras indígenas, contato de indígenas aldeados com população de cidades onde o vírus já circulava por necessidade comercial ou recebimento de benefícios sociais (Santos et al, 2021) e devido a permanência ilegal de madeireiros e garimpeiros que intensificaram suas atividades nos primeiros meses da pandemia (Greenpeace Brasil, 2020).…”

Section: Apresentaçãounclassified

Um laboratório produzindo inovações em saúde na Amazônia: 10 anos do Laboratório de História, Política Pública e Saúde na Amazônia

Schweickardt,

Kadri

2023

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Este livro faz parte das comemorações dos 10 anos do Laboratório de História, Políticas Públicas e Saúde na Amazônia – LAHPSA, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane – ILMD/Fiocruz Amazônia. Fruto de uma escrita coletiva, feita a muitas mãos, vozes, palavras, rostos, sonhos, desejos, lágrimas e sorrisos que se fizeram presentes nesses 10 anos, mas que já vinham de antes e irão para depois. O nosso método, mais do que científico, é também do encontro. O que significa isso? Tem o sentido da amorosidade, da afetividade, dos diálogos, dos compartilhamentos com tantas pessoas e grupos que passaram e continuam passando-ficando nos grupos de debates, de pesquisa e de escritas. O encontro se faz em ato, é uma produção do momento, desde que a roda se forma e se faz prática. A conversa circula, a escuta faz parte dos dizeres e fazeres, quando colocamos em prática a dialogia que se encontra na diferença. LAHPSA poderia ser um adjetivo para se referir às atividades colaborativas, coletivas e compartilhadas. Isso é um desejo, muitas vezes alcançado, conquistado como parte constituinte do fazer científico, da pesquisa de campo, das escritas, das intervenções, invenções e articulações. Como fazer que o nosso “eu” não seja simplesmente um desejo que facilmente pode se transformar num egocentrismo, mas possa ser um eu polifônico e coletivo, sem perder a marca de cada pessoa. Afirmar o “eu” no coletivo é um exercício permanente, quiçá de uma vigilância epistêmica. Por isso, o desejo de afirmarmos adjetivamente o coletivo é porque faz parte de uma postura ético-política, de uma posição no mundo, uma postura diante do outrem.

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COVID-19 and race/color disparity: a brief analysis of the indigenous population in a state in the Brazilian Amazon

Abstract: COVID-19 and race/color disparity: a brief analysis of the indigenous population in a state in the Brazilian Amazon [letter]. einstein (São Paulo). 2021;19:eCE6734.

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Characterization of demographic data, clinical signs, comorbidities, and outcomes according to the race in hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 in Brazil: An observational study

Characterization of demographic data, clinical signs, comorbidities, and outcomes according to the race in hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 in Brazil: An observational study

Legacy of covid-19 for indigenous health in the Brazilian Amazon

Um laboratório produzindo inovações em saúde na Amazônia: 10 anos do Laboratório de História, Política Pública e Saúde na Amazônia

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