COVID-19 and refugee and immigrant youth: A community-based mental health perspective.

Endale, Tarik; Jean, Nicole St.; Birman, Dina

doi:10.1037/tra0000875

Cited by 72 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions has been well-documented. Migrants may be particularly affected due to pre-existing risk factors (48, 49) and potential exclusion and social isolation (50), and worsening of pre-existing mental health conditions (51, 52); providing remote therapy for these individuals can be challenging (53). In one Canadian study, however, immigrants were found to be less likely to increase negative health behaviours than Canada-born adults (54).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical outcomes and risk factors for COVID-19 among migrant populations in high-income countries: a systematic review

Hayward

Deal

Cheng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundMigrants, including refugees, asylum seekers, labour migrants, and undocumented migrants, now constitute a considerable proportion of most high-income countries’ populations, including their skilled and unskilled workforces. Migrants may be at increased risk of COVID-19 due to their health and social circumstances, yet the extent to which they are being affected and their predisposing risk factors are not clearly understood. We did a systematic review to assess clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in migrant populations (cases, hospitalisations, deaths), indirect health and social impacts, and to determine key risk factors.MethodsWe did a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020222135). We searched databases including PubMed, Global Health, Scopus, CINAHL, and pre-print databases (medRxiv) via the WHO Global Research on COVID-19 database to Nov 18, 2020 for peer-reviewed and grey literature pertaining to migrants (defined as foreign born) and COVID-19 in 82 high-income countries. We used our international networks to source national datasets and grey literature. Data were extracted on our primary outcomes (cases, hospitalisations, deaths) and we evaluated secondary outcomes on indirect health and social impacts, and risk factors, using narrative synthesis.Results3016 data sources were screened with 158 from 15 countries included in the analysis (35 data sources for primary outcomes: cases [21], hospitalisations [4]; deaths [15]; 123 for secondary outcomes). We found that migrants are at increased risk of infection and are disproportionately represented among COVID-19 cases. Available datasets suggest a similarly disproportionate representation of migrants in reported COVID-19 deaths, as well as increased all-cause mortality in migrants in some countries in 2020. Undocumented migrants, migrant health and care workers, and migrants housed in camps and labour compounds may have been especially affected. In general, migrants have higher levels of many risk factors and vulnerabilities relevant to COVID-19, including increased exposure to SARS-CoV-2 due to high-risk occupations and overcrowded accommodation, and barriers to health care including inadequate information, language barriers, and reduced entitlement to healthcare coverage related to their immigration status.ConclusionsMigrants in high-income countries are at high risk of exposure to, and infection with, COVID-19. These data are of immediate relevance to national public health responses to the pandemic and should inform policymaking on strategies for reducing transmission of COVID-19 in this population. Robust data on testing uptake and clinical outcomes in migrants, and barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination, are urgently needed, alongside strengthening engagement with diverse migrant groups.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical outcomes and risk factors for COVID-19 among migrant populations in high-income countries: a systematic review

Hayward

Deal

Cheng

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Results from a population of individuals in low socio-economic conditions, including migrants, detected a significantly lower percentage of users after the adoption of lockdown measures, with fewer subjects attending follow-up visits during the next months [ 1 ], demonstrating the need for a reorganization of mental health services that are addressed to this population. Tailored psychological aid programs for refugees were implemented, based on informative materials about the virus spread and on mental health condition monitoring by means of phone and, when possible, using telemedicine [ 81 ]. This latter resource, despite limitations due to scarce internet access and setting variation, allowed in some cases to continue treatment programs especially in young subjects [ 81 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Urban Environment on Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focus on Air Pollution and Migration—A Narrative Review

Menculini

Bernardini

Attademo

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused a crisis worldwide, due to both its public health impact and socio-economic consequences. Mental health was consistently affected by the pandemic, with the emergence of newly diagnosed psychiatric disorders and the exacerbation of pre-existing ones. Urban areas were particularly affected by the virus spread. In this review, we analyze how the urban environment may influence mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, considering two factors that profoundly characterize urbanization: air pollution and migration. Air pollution serves as a possibly risk factor for higher viral spread and infection severity in the context of urban areas and it has also been demonstrated to play a role in the development of serious mental illnesses and their relapses. The urban environment also represents a complex social context where minorities such as migrants may live in poor hygienic conditions and lack access to adequate mental health care. A global rethinking of the urban environment is thus required to reduce the impact of these factors on mental health. This should include actions aimed at reducing air pollution and combating climate change, promoting at the same time a more inclusive society in a sustainable development perspective.

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“…Disruptions in this pandemic era challenge adolescents who witness suffering and death of loved ones, experience physical isolation from peers, lack formal education, and become aware of their uncertain futures (Phelps & Sperry, 2020). Impacts compound for youth of color (Liu & Modir, 2020), violence-affected youth (Endale et al, 2020), LGBTQ+-identified youth (Salerno et al, 2020), and the many youth whose parents have lost their jobs (Phelps & Sperry, 2020). Bio-psycho-social reorganizations heighten adolescents’ vulnerabilities to changing environments, which they perceive with their advanced cognitive and emotional capacities (Amsel & Smetana, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Narrating Crisis From War Zones to Disease Zones

Daiute

2020

Journal of Humanistic Psychology

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Previous research with young people growing up during and after wars offers insights for how youth are understanding and coping with the COVID-19 crisis. This literature review summarizes findings from research with adolescents who shared their experience and knowledge in war zones as those findings apply to research with youth in this pandemic. Circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic differ in important ways from military wars, yet emerging research explains how abrupt disruptions of daily life and consequences like lack of social support and uncertainty challenge young people’s psychosocial orientations and health. A brief review of issues relevant to youth in crises sets the scene for a discussion of how their uses of narratives in war zones engaged powerful psychosocial processes, including sense making, imagining, and advising, and how those processes apply to youth narrating in disease zones. Focus is on how such discourse activities symbolically manage instability, uncertainty, and separation challenging youth in the COVID-19 era. Because narrating is an interactive process, adults’ open invitations and empathetic listening to youth storytelling are, moreover, pivotal for supporting youth expression rather than shutting it down. The article concludes with implications for future research with youth growing up in the COVID-19 crisis.

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COVID-19 and refugee and immigrant youth: A community-based mental health perspective.

Cited by 72 publications

References 10 publications

Clinical outcomes and risk factors for COVID-19 among migrant populations in high-income countries: a systematic review

Clinical outcomes and risk factors for COVID-19 among migrant populations in high-income countries: a systematic review

The Influence of the Urban Environment on Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focus on Air Pollution and Migration—A Narrative Review

Narrating Crisis From War Zones to Disease Zones

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