COVID-19 and School Closures

Abstract

To reduce the spread of COVID-19, schools closed to an unprecedented degree in the spring of 2020. To varying extent, students have moved between in-person and remote learning up until the spring of 2021. This chapter surveys the literature on the implications of school closures of primary to upper-secondary schools for virus transmission, student learning, and mental health among children and adolescents in high-income countries. Subject to severe methodological challenges, most studies indicate that the initial school closures at least to some extent contributed to a reduction of virus transmission. However, several studies find that schools could reopen safely, especially when substantial within-school preventive measures were implemented and the general level of transmission was moderate. Student age also matters and keeping schools open for younger students contributes less to overall virus transmission. Most studies find that students learned less and that learning inequalities widened when school closed. These patterns are particularly pronounced for younger students who face more challenges adjusting to remote instruction. Essentially nothing can be said concerning the implications for vocational training. High-quality evidence on the impact on mental health is scarce and the results are mixed, but there are some indications that older students coped better with school closures also in this regard. On balance, closing schools for younger students is less well-motivated than for older students.

Analisis Bibliometrik: Tren Penelitian RME dalam Pembelajaran Matematika selama Pandemi

“…Pandemi COVID-19 memiliki dampak pada berbagai bidang termasuk dalam bidang Pendidikan, ini sejalan dengan yang disampaikan (Blackman, 2021;Dagdia & Silva, 2022;Dasilva, 2022) bahwa dunia menghadapi peristiwa yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya (COVID-19) yang mempengaruhi Pendidikan secara global. Untuk mengurangi penyebaran COVID-19, sekolah ditutup hingga tingkat yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya (Svaleryd & Vlachos, 2022). Akibatnya, aktivitas pendidikan pada berbagai negara dilakukan dengan metode pembelajaran online, ini sesuai dengan yang dikatakan (Kotowski et al, 2022) bahwa Pandemi COVID-19 mewajibkan hampir seluruh kegiatan manusia berganti ke media digital, salah satunya adalah layanan Pendidikan yang harus menyesuaikan dengan metode pembelajaran online.…”

School‐age vaccination, school openings and Covid‐19 diffusion

“…Closing the schools, and implementing distance learning, was based on the assumption that the interactions implied by attending schools might have been an important driver of the spread of Covid‐19 in the population. The recent literature addressing the issue, often exploiting school openings for identification purposes, found mixed results (see Svaleryd & Vlachos, 2022, for a detailed survey). On the other hand, closing the schools raised concerns on the costs in terms of lost opportunities of accumulating human capital, as well as on the psychological costs of the students and distress of students' families (see Stantcheva, 2022, and references therein).…”

“…literature addressing the issue, often exploiting school openings for identification purposes, found mixed results (see Svaleryd & Vlachos, 2022, for a detailed survey). On the other hand, closing the schools raised concerns on the costs in terms of lost opportunities of accumulating human capital, as well as on the psychological costs of the students and distress of students' families (see Stantcheva, 2022, and references therein).…”

School-age Vaccination, School Openings and Covid-19 diffusion

“…Closing the schools, and implementing distance learning, was based on the assumption that the interactions implied by attending schools might have been an important driver of the spread of Covid-19 in the population. The recent literature addressing the issue, often exploiting school openings for identification purposes, found mixed results (see Svaleryd and Vlachos, 2022, for a detailed survey). On the other hand, closing the schools raised concerns on the costs in terms of lost opportunities of accumulating human capital, as well as on the psychological costs of the students and distress of the students' families (see Stantcheva, 2022, and references therein).…”