COVID-19 and Serious Bacterial Infection in Febrile Infants Less Than 60 Days Old

Guernsey, David; Pfeffer, Matthew; Kimpo, James; Vazquez, Humberto C. Godinez; Zerzan, Jessica

doi:10.5811/westjem.2022.6.54863

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Data on the prevalence of UTI and IBI among febrile infants with SARS-CoV-2 are even more limited. Several small studies conducted early in the pandemic reported a 0% to 7% UTI prevalence among SARS-CoV-2–positive infants younger than 90 days with a highly variable prevalence of bacteremia (0%-14%) and no cases of bacterial meningitis …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several small studies conducted early in the pandemic reported a 0% to 7% UTI prevalence among SARS-CoV-2–positive infants younger than 90 days with a highly variable prevalence of bacteremia (0%-14%) and no cases of bacterial meningitis. 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…reported a 0% to 7% UTI prevalence among SARS-CoV-2-positive infants younger than 90 days with a highly variable prevalence of bacteremia (0%-14%) and no cases of bacterial meningitis. [11][12][13][14] The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, however, has created a unique opportunity to assess the prevalence of concomitant bacterial infection as the majority of infants presenting for care had SARS-CoV-2 testing when testing became widely available; 88% in our convenience sample were tested.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Ibi In Sars-cov-2-positive Infants By Normal V...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have reported a lower to similar prevalence of UTI (0%-7%) among infants younger than 90 days of age who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared with the baseline risk of UTI in febrile infants, with a variable prevalence of bacteremia (0%-14%) and no cases of bacterial meningitis . However, these studies were conducted in 2020 to early 2021, had small sample sizes (22 to 53 infants), and not all of the infants were febrile . Therefore, the prevalence of UTI and IBI in infants with fever and SARS-CoV-2 is largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 11 , 12 , 13 However, these studies were conducted in 2020 to early 2021, had small sample sizes (22 to 53 infants), and not all of the infants were febrile. 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 Therefore, the prevalence of UTI and IBI in infants with fever and SARS-CoV-2 is largely unknown. Knowledge of the prevalence of UTI and IBI among febrile infants who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 can inform decision-making about invasive testing and disposition for these infants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection, Bacteremia, and Meningitis Among Febrile Infants Aged 8 to 60 Days With SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2023

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ImportanceThe prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI), bacteremia, and bacterial meningitis in febrile infants with SARS-CoV-2 is largely unknown. Knowledge of the prevalence of these bacterial infections among febrile infants with SARS-CoV-2 can inform clinical decision-making.ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of UTI, bacteremia, and bacterial meningitis among febrile infants aged 8 to 60 days with SARS-CoV-2 vs without SARS-CoV-2.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted as part of a quality improvement initiative at 106 hospitals in the US and Canada. Participants included full-term, previously healthy, well-appearing infants aged 8 to 60 days without bronchiolitis and with a temperature of at least 38 °C who underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing in the emergency department or hospital between November 1, 2020, and October 31, 2022. Statistical analysis was performed from September 2022 to March 2023.ExposuresSARS-CoV-2 positivity and, for SARS-CoV-2–positive infants, the presence of normal vs abnormal inflammatory marker (IM) levels.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes were ascertained by medical record review and included the prevalence of UTI, bacteremia without meningitis, and bacterial meningitis. The proportion of infants who were SARS-CoV-2 positive vs negative was calculated for each infection type, and stratified by age group and normal vs abnormal IMs.ResultsAmong 14 402 febrile infants with SARS-CoV-2 testing, 8413 (58.4%) were aged 29 to 60 days; 8143 (56.5%) were male; and 3753 (26.1%) tested positive. Compared with infants who tested negative, a lower proportion of infants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 had UTI (0.8% [95% CI, 0.5%-1.1%]) vs 7.6% [95% CI, 7.1%-8.1%]), bacteremia without meningitis (0.2% [95% CI, 0.1%-0.3%] vs 2.1% [95% CI, 1.8%-2.4%]), and bacterial meningitis (&lt;0.1% [95% CI, 0%-0.2%] vs 0.5% [95% CI, 0.4%-0.6%]). Among infants aged 29 to 60 days who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 0.4% (95% CI, 0.2%-0.7%) had UTI, less than 0.1% (95% CI, 0%-0.2%) had bacteremia, and less than 0.1% (95% CI, 0%-0.1%) had meningitis. Among SARS-CoV-2–positive infants, a lower proportion of those with normal IMs had bacteremia and/or bacterial meningitis compared with those with abnormal IMs (&lt;0.1% [0%-0.2%] vs 1.8% [0.6%-3.1%]).Conclusions and RelevanceThe prevalence of UTI, bacteremia, and bacterial meningitis was lower for febrile infants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, particularly infants aged 29 to 60 days and those with normal IMs. These findings may help inform management of certain febrile infants who test positive for SARS-CoV-2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%