COVID‐19 and the water–energy–food nexus in Africa: Evidence from Nigeria, Uganda, and Tanzania

Durodola, Oludare Sunday; Nabunya, Victo; Kironde, Margaret Sima; Nevo, Chinedu Miracle; Bwambale, Joash

doi:10.1002/wwp2.12039

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Open defecation is still widespread across SSA and the prevalence of handwashing with soap at critical times (after defecation and before eating) is still very low (Roche et al, 2017). However, a recent study covering Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda has reported an improvement in water, hygiene and sanitation during the COVID‐19 pandemic due to innovation and continuous mass sensitization (Durodola et al, 2020). It is widely reported that access to WSS services in schools has a positive impact on school attendance rates among adolescent girls and can enhance health and hygienic behavior among children in SSA.…”

Section: Water Security Challenges Facing Sub‐saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Water security in sub‐Saharan Africa: Understanding the status of sustainable development goal 6

et al. 2021

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The world is nearing the 2030 target‐year by which sustainable development goals (SDGs) should be achieved. While other developing regions seem to be making progress toward achieving SDG6, sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) is lagging behind significantly, particularly with regard to access to water supply and sanitation (WSS). As a result, most studies evaluating progress toward the achievement of water security SDGs in SSA have focused on WSS while the rest of the SDG6 targets have received scant attention, often using fragmented or incomplete evidence. Here, we fill this knowledge gap by conducting a comprehensive assessment of the status of SDG6 in all 48 countries in SSA. We provide a review of the progress made, the challenges affecting each SDG6 target and examine the different political, socioeconomic, and environmental factors with potential to undermine the achievement of SDG6 in the region. Our review clearly demonstrates that it is likely that most countries may not achieve water security by 2030. The complex nature of the challenges and factors impeding the achievement of water security in SSA outlined here suggests that a holistic intervention involving local, national, and international stakeholders and the research community is urgently needed to address SDG6 if the 2030 target date is to be met. Approaches to enhance water security may equally consider: (a) underpinning peace and security in SSA and (b) the commitment of more financial resources by donors particularly during this period of COVID‐19 pandemic. This article is categorized under: Human Water Human Water > Water Governance Engineering Water > Planning Water

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Section: Water Security Challenges Facing Sub‐saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Water security in sub‐Saharan Africa: Understanding the status of sustainable development goal 6

et al. 2021

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“…Since 2020, the world has been facing the devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had a direct impact on FEW security [ 26 , 27 , 28 ] in terms of both demand-side and supply-side disruptions (overview presented in Figure 2 ). For instance, nearly 2.1 billion people worldwide already lacked access to safely managed drinking water [ 59 ], and so frequent handwashing has emerged as a constrained resource when trying to follow the World Health Organization’s advisory on hygiene.…”

Section: Growing Relevance Of Urban–rural Linkage For Few Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A great deal of existing literature focuses on FEW sectors independently [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], however few studies have discussed the relationship between urban–rural partnership and the FEW nexus [ 24 , 25 ]. Some studies related to the FEW nexus and COVID-19 have also been published [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. However, the importance of urban–rural partnerships to strengthen the FEW nexus for the post COVID-19 era has not yet been discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban–Rural Partnership Framework to Enhance Food–Energy–Water Security in the Post-COVID-19 Era

Mitra

Shaw

Sukhwani

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Food, energy, and water (collectively referred to as ‘FEW’) security forms the key to human survival as well as socioeconomic development. However, the security of these basic resources is increasingly threatened due to growing demand. Beyond the widespread implications on public health, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has further raised additional challenges for FEW security, particularly for urban populations, as they mainly outsource their FEW demands from rural areas outside their physical boundaries. In light of that, this study reviews existing literature on FEW security to highlight the growing relevance of urban–rural linkages for realizing FEW security, especially against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve this, relevant research documents have been identified through Elsevier’s Scopus database and other sources (by applying search equations). The authors have accordingly underlined the necessity of shifting the conventional urban-centric approach to city region-centric development planning for the post-COVID-19 era. To this end, a framework has been suggested for translating physical urban–rural linkages to a partnership enhancing a collective response. The major elements of this framework are the conceptualization of national-level policies to support urban–rural linkages. The framework can play the role of a science–policy–action interface to redesign the FEW system in city regions.

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“…The GHA established water, energy, food, biodiversity, and human health policies. Moreover, some studies explored WEF nexus via single study areas, for example, Rwanda and Ethiopia [45], Uganda and Tanzania [46], and Kenya [47], but cross-sectoral interlinkages between WEFBH nexus, their impacts, and consequences are largely unknown and underresearched. The GHA is a promising area that can facilitate us to understand the WEFBH nexus because of the aforementioned issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights on Water and Climate Change in the Greater Horn of Africa: Connecting Virtual Water and Water-Energy-Food-Biodiversity-Health Nexus

et al. 2021

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Water is the key limiting factor in socioeconomic and ecological development, but it is adversely affected by climate change. The novel virtual water (VW) concept and water, energy, food, biodiversity, and human health (WEFBH) nexus approach are powerful tools to assess the sustainability of a region through the lens of climate change. Climate change-related challenges and water are complex and intertwined. This paper analyzed the significant WEFBH sectors using the multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model. The AHP model demonstrated quantitative relationships among WEFBH nexus sustainability indicators in the Greater Horn of Africa countries. Besides, the net VW imports and water footprints of major staple crops were assessed. The composite WEFBH nexus indices varied from 0.10 to 0.14. The water footprint of crops is increasing period by period. The results also revealed that most countries in the study area are facing WEFBH domains unsustainability due to weak planning or improper management strategies. The strong policy constancy among the WEFBH sector is vital for dissociating the high-water consumption from crop production, energy, environmental, and human health system. Thus, this study enhances insights into the interdependencies, interconnectedness, and interactions of sectors thereby strengthening the coordination, complementarities, and synergies among them. To attain sustainable development, we urgently call all public and private entities to value the amount of VW used in their daily activities and design better policies on the complex WEFBH nexus and future climate change.

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COVID‐19 and the water–energy–food nexus in Africa: Evidence from Nigeria, Uganda, and Tanzania

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Water security in sub‐Saharan Africa: Understanding the status of sustainable development goal 6

Water security in sub‐Saharan Africa: Understanding the status of sustainable development goal 6

Urban–Rural Partnership Framework to Enhance Food–Energy–Water Security in the Post-COVID-19 Era

Insights on Water and Climate Change in the Greater Horn of Africa: Connecting Virtual Water and Water-Energy-Food-Biodiversity-Health Nexus

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