COVID-19 and Unequal Social Distancing across Demographic Groups

Yilmazkuday, Hakan

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3580302

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Both resonates with a sense of elitism and self-interest that has been anecdotally evident in high profile cases of individuals in the UK who have intentionally broken SD rules. Overall, the finding on higher degree qualification contrasts with the large body of research that associates greater educational attainment with adherence [ 16 , 22 ], although of note is an exception from a UK study about the Swine Flu pandemic [ 20 ]. Whilst political preference is in line with a study that found British people with more progressive beliefs as observing more SD behaviour [ 31 ], another study on political preference provided no association to compliance [ 59 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) populations in the UK have been found to be at greater risk of dying from COVID-19 compared to the white population [ 18 ], and evidence suggest this is multi-factorial (material deprivation, increased exposure to risk and structural racism amongst others [ 19 ], yet findings from previous pandemics and COVID-19 suggest that this is not due to poorer adherence to SD measures [ 20 , 21 ]. Higher socio-economic status and higher educational attainment are often related to engagement in SD behaviours [ 14 – 16 , 22 ], although both low income and having no qualifications have also been associated with greater adherence to SD behaviours in a UK study [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with non-adherence to social distancing rules during the COVID-19 pandemic: a logistic regression analysis

2021

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Background On March 23, 2020, the government of the United Kingdom told the British people to stay home, an unprecedented request designed to limit the spread of the COVID-19 virus and stop the National Health Service from being overwhelmed. Methods This study undertook a cross-sectional design to survey a convenience sample of 681 residents of North London on their social distancing (SD) behaviours, demographics, housing situation, politics, psychology and social support using an online questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to measure the associations between these explanatory factors and non-adherence to all SD rules and intentional non-adherence to SD rules. Results The vast majority (92.8%) of participants did not adhere to all SD rules and nearly half (48.6%) engaged in intentional non-adherence of rules. The odds of not adhering to all SD rules increased if a participant was not identified as highly vulnerable to COVID-19 [OR = 4.5], had lower control over others’ distancing [OR = .724], had lower control over responsibilities for which coming into contact with others was unavoidable [OR = .642], and if SD behaviours were reported after lockdown was first relaxed [OR = .261]. The odds of intentionally not adhering to SD rules increased if a participant had a lower intention to socially distance [OR = .468], had lower control over others’ distancing [OR = .829], had a doctoral degree compared to a master’s degree [OR = .332], a professional qualification [OR = .307], a bachelor’s degree [OR = .361] or work-related qualification [OR = .174], voted for the UK Government compared to not voting for the Government [OR = .461], perceived higher normative pressure from neighbours [OR = 1.121] and had greater support from friends [OR = 1.465]. Conclusions Non-adherence to all SD rules had a stronger association with vulnerability to COVID-19 and control over SD, whereas intentional non-adherence had a stronger association with intention and anti-social psychological factors. It is recommended that people living in high-risk environments, such as those living in houses of multiple occupancy, should be specially supported when asked to stay at home, and public health messaging should emphasise shared responsibility and public consciousness.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with non-adherence to social distancing rules during the COVID-19 pandemic: a logistic regression analysis

2021

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“…Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) populations in the UK have been found to be at greater risk of dying from COVID-19 compared to the white population (14), and evidence suggest this is multi-factorial (material deprivation, increased exposure to risk and structural racism amongst others (15), yet ndings from previous pandemics and COVID-19 suggest that this is not due to poorer adherence to SD measures (16,17). Higher socio-economic status and higher educational attainment are often related to engagement in SD behaviours (10)(11)(12)18), although both low income and having no quali cations have also been associated with greater adherence to SD behaviours in a UK study (16).…”

Section: And the Independent Sagementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Non-Adherence to Social Distancing Rules During The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Logistic Regression Analysis

Hills

Eraso

2020

Preprint

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Background: On March 23, 2020, the government of the United Kingdom told the British people to stay home, an unprecedented request designed to limit the spread of the COVID-19 virus and stop the National Health Service from being overwhelmed. Methods: This study undertook a cross-sectional design to survey a convenience sample of 681 residents of North London on their social distancing behaviours, demographics, housing situation, politics, psychology and social support using an online questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to measure the associations between these explanatory factors and non-adherence to all social distancing rules and intentional non-adherence to social distancing rules.Results: The majority (92.8%) of participants did not adhere to all social distancing rules and nearly half (48.6%) engaged in intentional non-adherence of rules. The odds of not adhering to all social distancing rules increased if a participant was not identified as highly vulnerable to COVID-19 [OR=4.5], had lower control over others’ distancing [OR=.724], had lower control over responsibilities for which coming into contact with others was unavoidable [OR=.642], and if social distancing behaviours were reported after lockdown was first relaxed [OR=.261]. The odds of intentionally not adhering to social distancing rules increased if a participant had a lower intention to socially distance [OR=.468], had lower control over others’ distancing [OR=.829], had a doctoral degree compared to a master’s degree [OR=.332], a professional qualification [OR=.307], a bachelor’s degree [OR=.361] or work-related qualification [OR=.174], voted for the UK Government compared to not voting for the Government [OR=.461], perceived higher normative pressure from neighbours [OR=1.121] and had greater support from friends [OR=1.465]. Conclusions: Non-adherence to all social distancing rules had a stronger association with vulnerability to COVID-19 and control over social distancing, whereas intentional non-adherence had a stronger association with intention and anti-social psychological factors. It is recommended that people living in high-risk environments, such as those living in houses of multiple occupancy, should be specially supported to not have to leave their home, that public health messaging should emphasise shared responsibility and public consciousness and that there should be greater policing, larger fines and more direct issuing of fines.

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“…Aliado a isto, o racismo também condiciona a adoção de medidas preventivas para Covid-19, considerando que o distanciamento social, a principal medida elencada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (WHO, 2020), não é um privilégio de todos, em especial no Brasil, onde negras e negros representam a maioria dos trabalhadores informais, de serviço doméstico, comercial, da alimentação, transporte, armazenamento e correio, que se mantiveram ativos, mesmo durante a pandemia. Estudo realizado nos EUA mostra que a adoção do distanciamento social é maior entre brancos, ricos e com maior escolaridade, quando comparada à população negra (Yilmazkuday, 2020). A higienização das mãos, outra medida preventiva para Covid-19 recomendada pela WHO (2020), é muitas vezes difícil de executar, visto que, muitas moradias, em diversas regiões do país, não têm acesso a água e saneamento básico, como mencionado anteriormente .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Desigualdades raciais em saúde e a pandemia da Covid-19

2020

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Resumo O racismo é um sistema estruturante, gerador de comportamentos, práticas, crenças e preconceitos que fundamentam desigualdades evitáveis e injustas, baseadas na raça ou etnia. Na saúde o racismo pode se manifestar de diversas formas, como o institucional, que frequentemente ocorre de forma implícita. A pandemia do coronavírus tem sido um desafio para países que apresentam profundas desigualdades. No Brasil, em que pese a ausência das informações desagregadas por raça ou etnia ou que quando coletadas apresentam um preenchimento precário, sabe-se que negras e negros irão sofrer mais severamente os impactos da pandemia e seus vários desfechos negativos. No texto recuperamos aspectos históricos e sua relação com as condições de vulnerabilidade da população negra e apresentamos uma agenda de ações específicas para o combate ao racismo e suas devastadoras consequências no contexto da Covid-19.

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COVID-19 and Unequal Social Distancing across Demographic Groups

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Factors associated with non-adherence to social distancing rules during the COVID-19 pandemic: a logistic regression analysis

Factors associated with non-adherence to social distancing rules during the COVID-19 pandemic: a logistic regression analysis

Factors Associated with Non-Adherence to Social Distancing Rules During The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Logistic Regression Analysis

Desigualdades raciais em saúde e a pandemia da Covid-19

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