Covid-19 and Upper Limb Anomalies in Newborns: A Reason for Concern?

Fernandes, Carlos Henrique; Sabongi, Rodrigo Guerra; Santos, João Baptista Gomes dos

doi:10.1590/1413-785220223001e252308

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Papillomavirus research on animal models revealed that the E5 oncoprotein forms a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFßR) complex in trophoblast cells and bovine fetal organs, which is related to aberrant organogenesis in the embryo and pregnancy impairment. 16 Other maternal viral infections, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 36,37 herpes simplex, 38,39 and influenza, 40 are shown to be associated with CAs regarding limbs and the musculoskeletal system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal human papillomavirus infection and the risk of congenital malformations: A nationwide population‐based cohort study

Hsieh,

Chen,

Liao

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Previous research has explored theories regarding the vertical transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and its association with adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. However, the impact of maternal HPV infection on congenital anomalies (CAs) in offspring remains relatively understudied. We conducted a population‐based cohort study linking the Taiwan Birth Registry, Taiwan Death Registry, and National Health Insurance Research Database, in which newborns born in Taiwan between 2009 and 2015 were included. We established a maternal HPV infection cohort comprising 37 807 newborns and matched them with a comparison group of 151 228 newborns at a 1:4 ratio based on index year, age, and sex. The study examined a composite outcome and subgroups of different types of congenital malformations. Differences in cumulative incidence of CAs were assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves and log‐rank tests. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regressions. No significant association was found between HPV infection and the broad spectrum of CAs (aHR: 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98–1.10; log‐rank test p = 0.14). However, we observed a 19% increased risk of musculoskeletal CAs in the maternal HPV infection group (aHR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.05–1.34) compared to those without maternal HPV exposure. Other factors, including the type of HPV (aHR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.16–2.63), the timing of exposure (during or before pregnancy), and maternal age (aHR for <30 years: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.94–1.1; aHR for 30–39 years: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.99–1.11; aHR for ≥40 years: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.67–1.17), did not significantly affect the risk for any CA. In conclusion, gestation detection of HPV infection was associated with musculoskeletal CAs but not other major CAs. Prospective studies are warranted to elucidate the necessity of prenatal screening in populations at risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal human papillomavirus infection and the risk of congenital malformations: A nationwide population‐based cohort study

Hsieh,

Chen,

Liao

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Viral infections in pregnancy are known to be associated with congenital malformations. It is still fully unknown whether SARS-Cov-2 infection, anti-COVID-19 therapy, or vaccination during pregnancy have an adverse effect on the growing fetus or not [41,42]. There is a lack of enough evidence to conclude the risk of structural malformation in women with a history of positive SARS-Cov-2 throughout their pregnancy.…”

Section: Congenital Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Covid-19 on Pregnancy (Review)

Kurmanova

Momand²,

Azim³

et al. 2022

IAM

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SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is associated with a number of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia, preterm birth, and stillbirth, especially among pregnant women with severe COVID-19. Several fetal complications such as early pregnancy loss, delivery of a premature fetus, preeclampsia, fetal death, vertical transmission, intrauterine growth retardation, and congenital structural anomalies in association with COVID-19 disease have been investigated.Тo review on the fetal adverse outcome that is likely to occur during COVID-19 disease. The fetal detrimental outcomes that have been widely studied in the literature include preterm birth, stillbirth, vertical transmission. The evidence in the literature supports that there is a higher rate of preterm birth and stillbirth in women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 but their association with the disease is not completely clear. Furthermore, the emergence of other possible outcomes is not conclusively stated. Hence more studies are required to establish their association with COVID-19 disease to decrease and mitigate the risk of detrimental fetal outcomes through early interventions and preventive measures.

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“…In terms of high costs, difficult experiments, lengthy durations, labor intensity, and a large number of animals, the model of pregnant mammals, which is the principal one for assessing teratogenicity prior to preclinical research, is far from ideal. Professional experience has shown that this is particularly important when the market for new pharmaceuticals is growing quickly and when viral pandemics require the rapid development of vaccines, medications, and other treatments, the majority of which lack data demonstrating the safety of use during pregnancy [4,5]. In this regard, the CE model may be a good substitute, but there is still a need for this animal model to be more consistently applied [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performance Microcomputing Tomography of Chick Embryo in the Early Stages of Embryogenesis

Rzhepakovsky,

Piskov,

Avanesyan

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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X-ray contrast techniques were tested on the chick embryos in early periods of embryogenesis. For contrast stain, reagents with radiopacity in various concentrations were used: silver proteinate, eosin, Lugol’s solution (I2KI), phosphomolybdic acid and phosphotungstic acid under heating at 25 °C and 40 °C and exposure for 24 and 48 h. The use of silver proteinate, eosin and I2KI in various concentrations in the contrast of the chick embryo in the early period of embryogenesis did not make it possible to obtain microtomographic results that provide reliable microstructural analysis. The most optimal and effective method of embryo staining at the HH22–HH34 embryonic stages reliably determined the staining of 1% phosphotungstic acid at 40 °C heating and exposure for 24 h. Taking into account the size of the chick embryos and their structures at the HH22–HH34 embryonic stages, the features of the development, location of organs, and the minimum permissible parameters of microtomography for obtaining high-quality and reliable results were determined by the isometric spatial resolution of 8.87 μm, X-ray voltage 50 kV, X-ray current 500 μA, and the use of filters started from Al 0.5 mm. Microtomographic results were obtained, characterized by the appearance of the chick embryo at the HH22–HH34 embryonic stages, and they visualized the locations and structures of the chick embryo organs and provided calculation of their volume and X-ray density. The results of the work open up significant prospects for using the chick embryo at the early embryonic period of embryogenesis as an alternative model for screening teratogenicity.

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Covid-19 and Upper Limb Anomalies in Newborns: A Reason for Concern?

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Maternal human papillomavirus infection and the risk of congenital malformations: A nationwide population‐based cohort study

Maternal human papillomavirus infection and the risk of congenital malformations: A nationwide population‐based cohort study

Impact of Covid-19 on Pregnancy (Review)

High-Performance Microcomputing Tomography of Chick Embryo in the Early Stages of Embryogenesis

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