COVID-19: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and tissue susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Beyerstedt, Stephany; Casaro, Expedito Barbosa; Rangel, Érika Bevilaqua

doi:10.1007/s10096-020-04138-6

Cited by 632 publications

(577 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…ACE-2 is a membrane-anchored carboxypeptidase commonly expressed by airway epithelial and type I and II alveolar epithelial cells as well as in organs that regulate blood pressure as myocardial cells, kidney proximal tubule cells, and podocytes. Finally, ACE-2 is also present in bladder urothelial cells, oesophageal epithelial cells, enterocytes, and cholangiocytes [ 163 ]. As a consequence of this heterogeneity in the infection site, COVID-19 syndrome widely varies from a uncomplicated weakness, fever, dry cough to severe pneumonia associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure, sepsis including kidney failure, cardiac injury, and thrombosis [ 164 ].…”

Section: Sars-cov-2: Mechanism Of Cellular Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifaced Roles of HDL in Sepsis and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Renal Implications

Stasi

Franzin

Fiorentino

et al. 2021

IJMS

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High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are a class of blood particles, principally involved in mediating reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissue to liver. Omics approaches have identified crucial mediators in the HDL proteomic and lipidomic profile, which are involved in distinct pleiotropic functions. Besides their role as cholesterol transporter, HDLs display anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-thrombotic, and anti-infection properties. Experimental and clinical studies have unveiled significant changes in both HDL serum amount and composition that lead to dysregulated host immune response and endothelial dysfunction in the course of sepsis. Most SARS-Coronavirus-2-infected patients admitted to the intensive care unit showed common features of sepsis disease, such as the overwhelmed systemic inflammatory response and the alterations in serum lipid profile. Despite relevant advances, episodes of mild to moderate acute kidney injury (AKI), occurring during systemic inflammatory diseases, are associated with long-term complications, and high risk of mortality. The multi-faceted relationship of kidney dysfunction with dyslipidemia and inflammation encourages to deepen the clarification of the mechanisms connecting these elements. This review analyzes the multifaced roles of HDL in inflammatory diseases, the renal involvement in lipid metabolism, and the novel potential HDL-based therapies.

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Section: Sars-cov-2: Mechanism Of Cellular Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifaced Roles of HDL in Sepsis and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Renal Implications

Stasi

Franzin

Fiorentino

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…The most significant discovery was the surface expression of ACE2 protein on enterocytes of the small intestine and lung alveolar epithelial cells. Additionally, ACE2 existed in arterial smooth muscle cells and venous and arterial endothelial cells in all studied organs (10). It has been also revealed that in the kidney ACE2 spreads to the luminal surface of tubular epithelial cells (11).…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Kidney Injurymentioning

confidence: 81%

The lethal internal face of the coronaviruses: Kidney tropism of the SARS, MERS, and COVID19 viruses

et al. 2021

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The kidney is one of the main targets attacked by viruses in patients with a coronavirus infection. Until now, SARS-CoV-2 has been identified as the seventh member of the coronavirus family capable of infecting humans. In the past two decades, humankind has experienced outbreaks triggered by two other extremely infective members of the coronavirus family; the MERS-CoV and the SARS-CoV. According to several investigations, SARS-CoV causes proteinuria and renal impairment or failure. The SARS-CoV was identified in the distal convoluted tubules of the kidney of infected patients. Also, renal dysfunction was observed in numerous cases of MERS-CoV infection. And recently, during the 2019-nCoV pandemic, it was found that the novel coronavirus not only induces acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) but also can induce damages in various organs including the liver, heart, and kidney. The kidney tissue and its cells are targeted massively by the coronaviruses due to the abundant presence of ACE2 and Dpp4 receptors on kidney cells. These receptors are characterized as the main route of coronavirus entry to the victim cells. Renal failure due to massive viral invasion can lead to undesirable complications and enhanced mortality rate, thus more attention should be paid to the pathology of coronaviruses in the kidney. Here, we have provided the most recent knowledge on the coronaviruses (SARS, MERS, and COVID19) pathology and the mechanisms of their impact on the kidney tissue and functions.

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“…SARS-CoV-2 can enter host cells and infect via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor. ACE2 is abundant in the heart, kidneys, and lungs (Beyerstedt et al, 2021). Previous studies have shown that SARS-CoV infects not only macrophages, vascular endothelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells, but also lymphocytes and monocytes in host cells (Gu et al, 2005).…”

Section: Inflammation In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

[RETRACTED: Review Article of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Centella Asiatica in related of SARS-CoV-2]

Isman¹,

Iqbal²,

Florencia³

2021

Preprint

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Centella asiatica, also known as Pegagan, has been used traditionally to cure diseases. Pegagan has been studied and a lot of pharmacological activity has been known such as antioxidant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and many more. COVID-19 has caused a pandemic for the past year. This virus causes several symptoms in the body including inflammation. Due to its anti-inflammatory activity, Pegagan can be used to cure inflammation in COVID-19.

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COVID-19: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and tissue susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Cited by 632 publications

References 154 publications

Multifaced Roles of HDL in Sepsis and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Renal Implications

Multifaced Roles of HDL in Sepsis and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Renal Implications

The lethal internal face of the coronaviruses: Kidney tropism of the SARS, MERS, and COVID19 viruses

[RETRACTED: Review Article of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Centella Asiatica in related of SARS-CoV-2]

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