COVID-19-associated liver injury: from bedside to bench

Li, Dongxiao; Ding, Xiangming; Xie, Meng; Tian, Dean; Xia, Limin

doi:10.1007/s00535-021-01760-9

Cited by 46 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(164 reference statements)

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“…Liver injury emerges as a co-existing symptom in COVID-19 [ 126 ] and it might result from direct viral toxicity, but also from an overproduction of cytokines and/or NETs [ 127 ]. In patients with COVID-19 injured liver displays patchy necrosis alike in experimental models of the net-damaged liver [ 128 , 129 ].…”

Section: Nets’ Impact At the Organ Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patients with COVID-19: in the dark-NETs of neutrophils

et al. 2021

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SARS-CoV-2 infection poses a major threat to the lungs and multiple other organs, occasionally causing death. Until effective vaccines are developed to curb the pandemic, it is paramount to define the mechanisms and develop protective therapies to prevent organ dysfunction in patients with COVID-19. Individuals that develop severe manifestations have signs of dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses. Emerging evidence implicates neutrophils and the disbalance between neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and degradation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of inflammation, coagulopathy, organ damage, and immunothrombosis that characterize severe cases of COVID-19. Here, we discuss the evidence supporting a role for NETs in COVID-19 manifestations and present putative mechanisms, by which NETs promote tissue injury and immunothrombosis. We present therapeutic strategies, which have been successful in the treatment of immunο-inflammatory disorders and which target dysregulated NET formation or degradation, as potential approaches that may benefit patients with severe COVID-19.

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Section: Nets’ Impact At the Organ Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patients with COVID-19: in the dark-NETs of neutrophils

et al. 2021

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“…The main target organ of SARS-CoV-2 infection is not only the lung but also many extrapulmonary tissues[ 3 ]. Among them, COVID-19 combined with liver injury has become a very prominent clinical problem and has garnered great attention[ 4 ]. The author of this article once reported that about one-fifth of the 48 COVID-19 patients have abnormal liver function[ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another problem is the study of pathogenesis. It is necessary to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 can directly invade the liver, especially when angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) appears to be negligibly expressed on liver cells[ 4 ]. In addition, the mechanisms underlying liver dysfunction in COVID-19 patients are not fully understood; it may be multifactorial and related to hyperinflammation, dysregulated immune responses, abnormal coagulation, and drugs[ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 combined with liver injury: Current challenges and management

Deng

Chen

Yang

et al. 2021

WJCC

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) combined with liver injury has become a very prominent clinical problem. Due to the lack of a clear definition of liver injury in patients with COVID-19, the different selection of evaluation parameters and statistical time points, there are the conflicting conclusions about the incidence rate in different studies. The mechanism of COVID-19 combined with liver injury is complicated, including the direct injury of liver cells caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 replication and liver injury caused by cytokines, ischemia and hypoxia, and drugs. In addition, underlying diseases, especially chronic liver disease, can aggravate COVID-19 liver injury. In the treatment of COVID-19 combined with liver injury, the primary and basic treatment is to treat the etiology and pathogenesis, followed by support, liver protection, and symptomatic treatment according to the clinical classification and severity of liver injury. This article evaluates the incidence, pathogenesis and prevention and treatment of COVID-19 combined with liver injury, and aims to provide countermeasures for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 combined with liver injury.

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“…SARS-CoV-2 binds to the human cells via Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is expressed in the liver and lungs [4][5][6]. Interestingly, ACE2, which serves as the host cell receptor of SARS-CoV-2, plays a protective role against liver and lung damage and is expressed in hepatocytes [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Stem Cell Research Status on Hepatic and Pulmonary Sclerosis in COVID-19

Kim¹,

Nam²,

Kim³

et al. 2021

J Biomed Res Environ Sci

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Since 2019, Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has changed the concept of systemic sclerosis caused by viral infectious diseases. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative organism of COVID-19, has infected more than 1.36 billion people in 188 countries, and nearly 2.29 million have died. Although we have rapidly developed vaccines against COVID-19, the struggle to treat COVID-19 patients who exhibit complicated multiple organ sclerosis has continued ever since. Studies have reported that preexisting liver disease in 3-8% of patients increases metabolic dysfunction and mortality by 4-6-fold in association with the severity of COVID-19. Moreover, both confirmed and cured COVID-19 patients have been reported to develop pulmonary fibrosis, which is often related to poor prognosis of the complications. Therefore, in the present study, we summarize the possible mechanisms underlying the development of hepatic and pulmonary fibrosis caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, based on recently published data. Furthermore, since stem cell-based treatments have been developed as a novel approach to treat COVID-19 patients with Systemic Sclerosis (SS), we discuss the implementation of stem cell-based treatments as a powerful regenerative tool owing to their notable immunomodulatory and anti-fibrotic effects.

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COVID-19-associated liver injury: from bedside to bench

Cited by 46 publications

References 100 publications

Patients with COVID-19: in the dark-NETs of neutrophils

Patients with COVID-19: in the dark-NETs of neutrophils

COVID-19 combined with liver injury: Current challenges and management

Current Stem Cell Research Status on Hepatic and Pulmonary Sclerosis in COVID-19

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