COVID-19-Associated Parotitis in a 10-Week-Old Male

Brehm, Robin; Narayanam, Lakshmi; Chon, Grace

doi:10.7759/cureus.31054

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Intriguingly, the mucin hypersecretion by the acinar cells observed here is not supported by the common effects in the oral cavity, reported by COVID-19 patients, such as salivary glands dysfunction and xerostomia [35,36,54]. Similar effects have also been associated with salivary gland ectasia [55], parotitis [56], sialadenitis [4,57], sialadenosis [19,58], as well as Sjögren's syndrome (SS) [59,60]. A study has demonstrated that the viral infection seems to induce an SS-like disease either in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice or in COVID-19 patients [59].…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Induces Mecs Death and Acinar Hypertrophy: A Sial...contrasting

confidence: 66%

Submandibular Gland Pathogenesis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Xerostomia

Sasso-Cerri,

Martinelli,

de Oliveira

et al. 2024

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although SARS-CoV-2 induces mucin hypersecretion in the respiratory tract, hyposalivation/xerostomia has been reported by COVID-19 patients. We evaluate the submandibular gland (SMGs) pathogenesis in SARS-CoV-2-infected K18-hACE2 mice, focusing on the impact of infection on the mucin production and structural integrity of acini, ductal system, myoepithelial cells (MECs) and telocytes. The spike protein, the nucleocapsid protein, hACE2, actin, EGF, TNF-α and IL-1β were detected by immunofluorescence, and the Egfr and Muc5b expression was evaluated. In the infected animals, significant acinar hypertrophy was observed in contrast to ductal atrophy. Nucleocapsid proteins and/or viral particles were detected in the SMG cells, mainly in the nuclear membrane-derived vesicles, confirming the nuclear role in the viral formation. The acinar cells showed intense TNF-α and IL-1β immunoexpression, and the EGF-EGFR signaling increased, together with Muc5b upregulation. This finding explains mucin hypersecretion and acinar hypertrophy, which compress the ducts. Dying MECs and actin reduction were also observed, indicating failure of contraction and acinar support, favoring acinar hypertrophy. Viral assembly was found in the dying telocytes, pointing to these intercommunicating cells as viral transmitters in SMGs. Therefore, EGF-EGFR-induced mucin hypersecretion was triggered by SARS-CoV-2 in acinar cells, likely mediated by cytokines. The damage to telocytes and MECs may have favored the acinar hypertrophy, leading to ductal obstruction, explaining xerostomia in COVID-19 patients. Thus, acinar cells, telocytes and MECs may be viral targets, which favor replication and cell-to-cell viral transmission in the SMG, corroborating the high viral load in saliva of infected individuals.

show abstract

Section: Sars-cov-2 Induces Mecs Death and Acinar Hypertrophy: A Sial...contrasting

confidence: 66%

Submandibular Gland Pathogenesis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Xerostomia

Sasso-Cerri,

Martinelli,

de Oliveira

et al. 2024

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Unlike other cases, the present patient had no preceding respiratory symptoms, which is atypical given that respiratory symptoms were present in most literature cases, albeit mild in some (27), highlighting the variable presentation of the disease. All patients had undergone neck ultrasounds.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

SARS-CoV-2 associated unilateral parotitis in children: A case report and literature review

Marino,

Cacciaguerra,

Spampinato

et al. 2024

Biomed Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection usually affects the respiratory system; however, a number of atypical manifestations of this disease have also been reported, especially in children. The present study reports a case of a 12-year-old presenting with right unilateral parotitis and sialadenitis and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The young patient, after a 3-day history of fever, was brought to our clinic (Polyclinic University Hospital ‘G. Rodolico’, Catania, Italy) for the sudden onset of unilateral parotitis accompanied by sialadenitis and hyperaemia of the skin, which was tender to touch. The SARS-CoV-2 molecular swab was positive; the ultrasound of the affected region showed an increase in the volume of the parotid and sublingual gland and reactive lymph nodes compatible with parotitis and sialadenitis. This case suggests that, in the present Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 should be included in the differential diagnosis of parotitis and sialadenitis along with mumps and flue. Notably, a respiratory panel and serology for other potential causes are needed in case of parotitis-like disease.

show abstract

“…Measles, influenza, adenoviruses, herpes simplex virus, and parvovirus B‐19 can all cause acute parotitis as a secondary viral infection. Little is known about the incidence of enlarged salivary glands in children with COVID‐19 (Brehm et al, 2022 ; Likitnukul, 2022 ; Moca et al, 2023 ). The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus might be transmitted from the salivary glands to the respiratory or digestive systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral manifestations of COVID‐19 and its management in pediatric patients: A systematic review and practical guideline

Nasiri,

Tehrani,

Mohammadikhah

et al. 2023

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectivesThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), a respiratory infection that has spread worldwide and is responsible for a high death toll. Although respiratory symptoms are the most common, there is growing evidence that oral signs of COVID‐19 can also be seen in children. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the available data on the oral manifestations of COVID‐19 in children and to recommend appropriate methods of diagnosis and treatment.MethodsA systematic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was done to discover relevant papers published between their establishment and January 2023. Articles detailing oral symptoms in pediatric patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection were included, and data on clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes were extracted and evaluated.ResultsA total of 24 studies involving 2112 pediatric patients with COVID‐19 were included in the review. The most common presentations are oral lesions, taste and smell disorders, oral candidiasis, hemorrhagic crust, tongue discoloration, lip and tongue fissuring, gingivitis, and salivary gland inflammation. These manifestations were sometimes associated with multi‐system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) or Kawasaki disease (KD). Management strategies varied depending on the severity of the oral manifestation and ranged from symptomatic relief with topical analgesics to systemic medications.ConclusionOral symptoms of COVID‐19 are relatively prevalent in juvenile patients and can be accompanied by severe systemic diseases, such as MIS‐C or Kawasaki illness. Early detection and adequate care of these oral symptoms are critical for the best patient results. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology and developing targeted treatments requires more investigation.

show abstract

COVID-19-Associated Parotitis in a 10-Week-Old Male

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Submandibular Gland Pathogenesis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Xerostomia

Submandibular Gland Pathogenesis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Xerostomia

SARS-CoV-2 associated unilateral parotitis in children: A case report and literature review

Oral manifestations of COVID‐19 and its management in pediatric patients: A systematic review and practical guideline

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About